Mtech Pre Thesis Seminar

On

Development of Cation Exchange Membrane for

Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride

Under The supervision

of

Dr. Sunder Lal Pal

Presented by-

Afzal Ashraf
Sc No- 142117204

Department of Chemical Engineering

Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology
Bhopal

Overview

Introduction
Review of Literature
Objectives
Proposed Methodology
Experimental Setup
Expected Result and
outcomes
References
2

Introductio
n
Ion Exchange membrane
Unique property- Selective transport of ions
Cation Exchange membrane Permeate only cation
Anion Exchange membrane Permeate only anion
Application-

Electro dialyzers include

Fuel Cell

Desalination of water

Electrodialyzers

Production of acids and

Chlor Alkali cells

Batteries

bases
Recovery of metal ions
Production of organic acids
3

Cation And Anion Exchange

Membrane
[3]

Cation exchange Membrane

[3] Source - www.cheresources.com/ Chloralkalimembranecell

Anion Exchange membrane

Chlor Alkali Cell

Aqueous solution of Sodium chloride is
decomposed electrolytically into sodium
hydroxide and liberating chlorine and
hydrogen gas .
Conventional Process include

Mercury cell

Diaghram Cell

ible
s
r
ve us
on
e
i
r
t
o
Ir
u
son y poll
i
o
p
ur
c
r
Me
low
cu
prod rrent e
f
u
havi ced wea ciency
&
n
k
NaO g 1214 cell liq
uor
H
wt.%

Both the process were having severe

Drawbacks
In view of these disadvantages,
membrane cells have replaced both
mercury and diaphragm cells

urity
p
h
hig
s
e
aOH
c
N
u
d
d
pro
rate
t
n
e
conc
.
nt
Soln h curre
ig
at h ncies &
ie
efc ower
p

matic Diagram Of membrane electrolytic cell Using cation exchange mem

NaCl + H2O +Cl2NaOH + H2O + H2

+
Na

+
Anode

Cl

NaCl +H2O

Na+ +
OH-

Catho
de

NaOH + H2

Electrolysis of NaCl at
Electrolysis of water at
anode
cathode
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OHOverall Reaction
2NaCl + 2H2O Cl2 + H2 +
6
2NaOH

 Commercially used membranes are

Nafion
Flemion
Aciplex

Anion exchange membrane

Expensive
Get denatured @ high temperature
Prepared using harsh chemical and multistep
procedures involved [4]

Therefore there is a need to develop a membrane that is

Chemically and thermally stable
Highly selective
Inexpensive
Easy to manufacture[5]

Literature Review
Sonny Sachdeva(2008) prepared a cross linked
polystyrene anion exchange membrane for
electrolysis of NaCl.
Maximum current efficiency obtained is 96.5%
Corresponding Power consumption is
0.1216KWh/mole @5.2N salt Solution

Yohannes Kiros* and Martin Bursell (2008)

has used air diffusion electrode
Cell voltage achieved was about 2V , thereby
reducing energy consumption by 30-35%
8

 Sharath Savari (2010) prepared cation exchange

membrane for electrolysis of NaCl to produce
Sodium Hydroxide
Current efficiency of 90% & energy consumption of
0.1KW/mol at 2N salt concentration for Nafion
Current efficiency of 93% and power consumption of
0.3122KW/mole at same salt concentration and current
density of 254A/m2

Objectives
To prepare a ceramic supported cation exchange membrane
modified using low temperature reaction with chloroacetic acid..
To characterize it using SEM, FTIR.
To use it for electrolysis for NaCl
To report the performance of the membrane in terms of current
efficiency and power requirement.
To report the effect of various parameter like current density, salt
concentration and flow rate on performance of membrane.
10

Methodology
Material Required For
Polymer preparation

Styrene
Di-Vinyl Benzene
Benzyol peroxide (BPO)
Azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN)
Dimethylaniline (DMA)
Chloroacetic acied
Sulphuric Acied

ctant
a
e
R
Main merized
ly
Co p o

Clay Support
Preparation

Quartz
Calcium Carbonate
Feldspar
Kaolin
Ball clay
Pyrophallite
t or
a
i
t
i
n
I
D u al
1:2
o
i
t
a
r
Wt.

11

Clay support Composition

[6]

Sr.
No

Clay Raw
material

Chemical
Formula

Composition

Kaolin

Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4

13.28

Ball Clay

3SiO2.Al2O3

16.15

Feldspar

(Na, Ca)(AlSi3O8)

5.15

Quartz

SiO2

24.44

Pyroplylite

Al2(Si2O5)2(OH)2

13.54

Calcium
Carbonate

CaCO3

27.44

12

Preparation of clay support

Mixture is Mixed with
water and cast in a
ring76mm dia and
4mm thick

Drying at room
temperature for 24
hr

Heating at 100 and

250 C for 24 hrs

Further heating at 700 C

for 8 hrs

Treating with TEOS, H2O,

HCL

Sintered at 900 C

13

Polymer Component Composition

Sr.
No

Component

Chemical
Formula

Compositio Compositi
n in Mole
on in
grams

Styrene

C8H8

0.134400

14.0000

Di-vinyl
benzene

C10H10

0.003220

00.1850

Azo-bisisobutyronitrile

C8H12N4

0.000638

00.1036

Di Methyl
aniline

C8H11N

0.000470

00.0570

Benzyl peroxide

C14H10O4

0.000764

00.4200

14

Preparation of Composite
Membrane
Synthesis of
Polymer syrup

Mixture of
Styrene, DVB,
AIBN, BPO, DMA is
heated

Cooled and slowly

casted on support

Treated with 10%

NaCl solution for 4
hrs

Washed with
distilled water

Modified with
chloroacetic acid

15

Expected Result and Outcome

Clay Support

16

Schematic Of Experimental
Setup

17

Experimental Setup

18

Membrane Casted on Clay

Support

19

Top View of Composite Membrane

20

Half Cell Setup

21

Proposed Work
Membrane Characterization
The FTIR Spectroscopy analysis will be carried
out to confirm the presence of carbonyl (C=O)
functional groups, characteristic of carboxylic
acid groups on the modified membrane surface.
Scanning Electron Microscope analyze to be
done

Effect of parameter like concentration of

salt, current density, Circulation rate will be
studied on the performance of membrane.

22

References
1. Sharath Savari, Sonny Sachdeva, Anil Kumar .Electrolysis of
sodium chloride using composite cation exchange membrane..
s.l.: Journal of membrane science, 2008.
2. J.A. Kent, Riegels. Handbook of industrail chemistry 10th
edition. s.l.: Kluewer academic, 2013.
3. Bursell, Yohannes Kiros* and Martin Low Energy Consumption in
Chlor-alkali Cells Using oxygen reduction electrodes.. 2008, Int. J.
Electrochem., pp. 441-451.
4. R.K. Nagarale, G.S. Gohil, Vinod K. Shahi Recent developments
on ion-exchange membranes and.. 2005, Advances in Colloid and
Interface Science, pp. 97-130.
5. A. Shukla, A. Kumar, Effect of gas phase modification of
analcime zeolite composite membrane on separation of surfactant
by ultrafiltration, J. Membr. Sci. 210 (2002) 209225.
6.N. Tzanetakis, J.R. Varcoe, S. Slade, K. Scott, Salt splitting with
radiationgraftedPVDFanion exchange membrane, Electrochem.
Commun. 5 (2003) 115119.
7. F.G. Wilhelm, I.G.M. Punt, N.F.A. van der Vegt, H. Strathmann,
M. Wessling, Cation permeable membranes from blends of
23
sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and poly(ether sulfone), J.

8. V.K. Shahi, Highly charged proton-exchange membrane:

sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)-silica polyelectrolyte composite
membranes for fuel cells, Solid State Ionics 177 (2007) 33953404.
9. V.E. Santarosa, F. Peretti, V. Caldart, J. Zoppas, M. Zeni, Study of
ionselective membranes from electrodialysis removal of industrial
effluent metals II: Zn and Ni, Desalination 149 (2002) 389391.
10. A.T. Cherif, J. Molenat, A. Elmidaoui, Nitric acid and sodium
hydroxide generation by electrodialysis using bipolar membranes, J.
Appl. Electrochem. 27 (1997) 10691074.
11. E. Gain, S. Laborie, Ph. Viers, M. Rakib, G. Durand, D. Hartmann,
Ammonium nitrate wastewater treatment by coupled membrane el
12. D. Raucq, G. Pourcelly,C.Gavach, Production of sulphuric acid
and caustic soda from sodium sulphate by electromembrane
processes. Comparison between electro-electrodialysis and
electrodialysis on bipolar membrane, Desalination 91 (1993) 163
175.
13. M. Bailly, H. Roux-de Balmann, P. Aimar, F. Lutin, M. Cheryan,
Production processes of fermented organic acids targeted around
membrane operations: design of the concentration step by
conventional electrodialysis, J. Membr. Sci. 191 (2001)

24

Thank
you
25

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