Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning Outcomes
Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.
7.1 Define the nature and purpose of planning
Define planning.
Describe the purposes of planning.
Explain what studies have shown about the relationship between
planning and performance.
Understand the dynamics of planning in Arab culture.
7.2 Goals And Plans
Define goals and plans.
Describe the types of goals organizations might have.
Describe each of the different types of plans.
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Learning Outcomes
7.3 Setting Goals and Developing Plans
Discuss how traditional goal setting and MBO work.
Describe well-written goals and explain how to set them.
Discuss the contingency factors that affect planning.
Describe the approaches to planning.
7.4 Contemporary Issues in Planning
Explain the criticisms of planning.
Describe how managers can effectively plan in todays
dynamic environment.
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What Is Planning?
Planning
A primary managerial activity that involves:
Defining
Establishing
Developing
It
Formal planning
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Specific
Written
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1.
2.
3.
4.
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Fatalism passivity
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Belief in Qadar does not mean that people should not plan.
What is needed:
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Desired
Provide
B. Plans
Documents
Describe
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Types of Goals
Strategic Goals are related to the performance of the firm relative to factors
in its external environment (e.g., competitors).
If managers emphasize only one goal, other goals necessary for long-term
success are ignored.
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SMART Objectives
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time bound
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Exhibit 71
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Types of Plans
B. Operational Plans
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Types of Plans
Long-Term Plans
Short-Term Plans
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Flexible plans that set out general guidelines and provide focus,
yet allow discretion in implementation
are more preferable in unexpected changes
Specific Plans
Plans that are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation
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Exhibit 73
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Copyright 2011 Pearson Education
2007
Standing Plans
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MBO
2. Developing Plans
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Approaches to Planning
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2.Broad
3.Mangers
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Achievement
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Exhibit 73
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Exhibit 74
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Well-Written Goals
Written down
Communicated to all
necessary organizational
members
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Contemporary Issues in
Planning
1. Explain the criticisms of planning.
2. Describe how managers can effectively plan in todays
dynamic environment.
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Criticisms of Planning
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Example Abdul Hameed starting selling mobiles and and then sell
it to other countries and make profit of 2 billions
Terms to Know
planning
directional plans
goals
single-use plan
plans
standing plans
stated goals
real goals
means-ends chain
framing
strategic plans
management by objectives
(MBO)
operational plans
mission
long-term plans
commitment concept
short-term plans
specific plans
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