SESSION 12

Implementation and Maintenance Strategies

SYSTEM CHANGEOVER
It is the process of putting the new information
system online and retiring the old system.
Changeover strategies
1.
Direct cutover
2.
Parallel operation
3.
Pilot Operation
4.
Staged Operation

DIRECT CUTOVER
Direct cutover The approach causes to
changeover immediately when the new system
becomes operational.
Drawbacks
1.
More risks.
2.
More volume of live data.
3.
One cannot revert to the old system.
Used for commercial software packages as they are
of less risk.

PARALLEL OPERATION
Both the new and old systems operate
simultaneously.
Data is fed into both the old and new system and the
outputs can be compared.
Benefits
1.
Lower risks as one can take backup.
2.
Comparison is possible.
Drawbacks
3.
Very high cost
4.
The employees need to work on both the systems
for sometime and this increases workload.
5.
Infeasible if the two systems are incompatible.

PILOT OPERATION
Involves implementation of the new system at
some specific locations.
Site where the new system becomes functional is
called pilot site.
Old system continues to operate at other sites
and also in the pilot site.
Benefits
Reduces the risk of system failure.
Operating both the old and new systems at a
pilot site is less expensive.

STAGED OPERATION
The new system is implemented in stages (Module
by Module).
Part of the system is given to all users.
Advantages
1.
Reduces the risk of failures.
2.
Less expensive than full operation of the system.
Drawbacks
3.
Expensive if the system has large number of
stages.
4.
Infeasible if the system cannot be divided into
modules.

SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Coercive Maintenance (used to fix errors)
Adaptive Maintenance (Used to add new feature
into the system)
Perfective Maintenance (Used to improve
efficiency of the system) Needs software
reengineering.
Preventive Maintenance (Used to reduce the
possibility of system failure) Replacing the
server hardware etc

ISSUES IN SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Configuration Management It is the process of
controlling changes in the system during the
various stages of SDLC.
Maintenance Release (Example Service Packs)
Version Control It is the process of tracking
new releases. Prior releases are archived. (Done
by systems librarian)

MANAGING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Benchmark testing A set of standards on one
system to compare its performance with other
systems.
Includes performance and workload
management.

PERFORMANCE AND WORKLOAD

MANAGEMENT
Response Time : Time between the request and
the system to respond.
Bandwidth: The amount of data that the system
can transfer.
Throughput: Measures the system performance
under specific circumstances
Turnaround Time: Applies to centralized and
batch processing operations such as billing.
Capacity Planning: A process by which one
monitors the current levels of activity and
anticipates future activity and forecasts the
resources for the desired levels.

Internet and its effects

E BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE
3 main elements of Internet
Infrastructure
Services
Products and services

INFORMATION SYSTEM FUNCTION

CHAIN
Storage
Processing
Infrastructure
Application
Intelligence

KEY MANAGEMENT ISSUES

Which type of applications do we develop?
What technology do we use?
How do we achieve quality of service
Where do we host the applications
Application integration
Which access platform do we support?
How do we manage the content and quality of
data?
How do we manage employee access?
How do we secure data?

INTRANET APPLICATIONS
Reduced product life cycle
Reduced cost through more productivity
Better service
Distribution of information through remote
offices
Staff phone directories
Staff procedures
Bulletins
Training courses
Information about product stock etc

EXTRANET APPLICATIONS
Information sharing through secured
environment
Cost reduction
Order processing and distribution
Customer service

REVIEWING THE EXTRANET

Are the levels of usage sufficient?
Is the extranet effective and efficient?
Who has ownership of the extranet?
What the levels of service quality?
Is the quality of information adequate?

ENCOURAGING USE OF INTRANET

AND EXTRANET
Staff usage of intranet is low
Content is out of date
Inconsistent intranet
All material is referred. No news.
Most sections are used for publicizing existence of
groups