HISTOLOGY OF THE EYE

BatariTodjaUmar

THE EYE
Spherical structure, 25 mm in diameter
Suspended in the bony orbital socket 6 extrinsic muscles
Wall of the eye 3 concentric layers
Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nerve tunic

SCLERA
Athickfibrouslayer,coverstheposterior5/6of
theeyeball
Dividedinto3layers:
Episclera

Externallayer
Looseconnectivetissueadjacenttotheperiorbital
fat

Stroma(Substantiapropria)

=Tenonscapsule
Composedofdensenetworkofthickcollagenfibers

LaminaFushcae

Inneraspect,adjacentto
thechoroid
Containsofthinner
collagen&elasticfibers
Melanocyte

Function:
Protects&maintains
theshapeandthe
volumeoftheeyeball

Corneoscleral Limbus
Transitionalzone
betweenthecornea&
sclera
1.52mmwide,1mm
thick
Iridocornealangle
apparatusfortheoutflow
oftheaqueoushumor
trabecularmeshwork

Cornea
Transparent,0.5
mmthickatthe
center,avascular,
5layers

Cornealepithelium

Nonkeratinizing
squamousepithelium
Basalcelllayergivesrise
to57superficiallayers
Freenerveendings
terminateinthis
epithelium
Adherestotheadjacent
cellsbydesmosomes

BowmansMembrane

810mthick
Composedoffinecollagen
fibrils
Barriertothespreadof
infection
Notregenerate

Cornealstroma

Constitutes90%ofthe
cornealthickness
Composedofabout60thin
lamellae
Eachlamellaeconsistof
parallelbundlesofcolagen
fibrils

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Descemetmembrane

Basallaminaof
endothelialcells
Homogen
Elastic,transparent
710m

Cornealendothelium

Asinglelayerof
squamouscells
Metabolicexchange
betweenthecornea&
aqueoushumor
Preciseregulationofthe
watercontentofthe
stromamaintainthe
transparency
Physical&metabolic
changescornealswelling

IRIS
Themostanteriorpartofthevasculartunic,forms
acontractilediaphragminfrontofthelens,a
circularapperture(pupil)changesinsizein
responsetothelightintensity.Eyecolouris
determinedbytherelativenumberofmelanocytes

Composedof4layers

Anteriorlimitingmembrane

Fibroblastic&melanocytecells

Stroma

Loosefibrocollagenoussupporttissue
Bloodvessels,nerve,melaninpigment
Sphinctermuscleofthepupil

Epitheliallayer
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Anteriornonpigmented
epithelium
Dilatorpupillaemuscle

Posteriorpigmentepithelium

Facestheposteriorchamberoftheeye

Cilliary Body
Triangularshape
Extendsfromthebaseoftheiristotheora
serrata
2anatomicalregions
Parsplica
Parsplana

Function:
Aqueoushumorproduction
Acomodationprocess

 Thelayersaresimilartothe
iris
Consistof:
Stroma
Outerlayerofsmooth
musclecilliary
muscle
Meridional
(longitudinal
portion)
Radial(oblique
portion)
Circularportion

Innervascularregion
extendsintothe
cilliaryprocess
Continuouswith
thevascularlayer
ofthechoroid

 Epitheliallayers
3principalfunctions
Secretionofaqueoushumor
Paticipationinbloodaqueousbarrier
Secretion&anchoringthezonulafibers

Theinnercellslayernonpigmented
Theoutercellslayerpigmented

CHOROID

Darkbrownvascularsheet,
0.25mmthickposteriorly,
0.1mmthickanteriorly
Liesbetweenthesclera&
retina
Supportstheretina
Containsof:
Suprachoroidlamina

30mthick

Looseconnectivetissue
Choroidalstroma

Numerousvenules&
arterioles
Hallerlayer(outerpart)
Sattlerlayer(innerpart

Choriocapillary

4.

Capillarylayersupportingthedeeplayeroftheretina
Diameter4060m
Thinwall

Bruchsmembrane

14mthick
Interfacebetweenthechoroid&theretinalpigmentepithelium

RETINA
10layers
1. Retinalpigmentepithelium
2. Photoreceptorcells
3. Outerlimitingmembrane
4. Outernuclearlayer
5. Outerplexiformlayer
6. Innernuclearlayer
7. Innerplexiformlayer
8. Ganglioncells
9. Nervefiberlayer
10. Innerlimitingmembrane

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Retinal Layers

Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Photoreceptor cells

REFRACTIVE MEDIA OF THE EYE

LENS
Transparent,avascular,biconvex
Suspendedbetweentheedgesof
cilliarybodyzonulafibers
9mmindiameter,3.5mmthick
Capsule
Athickbasallamina
Producedbytheanteriorlenscells

Subcapsularepithelium

Cuboidallayerofcells
Onlyontheanteriorsurfaceofthelens

Lensfibers

Derivedfromsubcapsularepithelial
cells

 VitreousBody

Betweenthelens&theretina
Transparentgelatinousstructure
Attachtothesurroundingstructures
Mainportionishomogenousgelcontaining99%water,
collagen,hyaluronateacid
Avascular

ACCESORY COMPONENTS OF THE EYE

Conjunctiva
Atranslucentmembrane
Extendsfromcorneosclerallimbusinternalsurfaceof
theeyelid
2layers
Stratifiedcolumnarepithelium
Gobletcellsmucin

Laminapropria
Looseconnectivetissue
Bloodvessels&lymphaticvessels

 Palpebra
Upper&lowereyelid
Protectionoftheeye
Containsof:

Skin
Orbicularisoculimuscle
Tarsalplate
Conjunctiva
Glands
Meibomianglands
Sebaceoustype
Oilylayerofthetear
film
Embeddedinthetarsal
plate
GlandsofZeis
Sebaceousglands
GlandsofMoll
Apocrinesweatglands
GlandsofKrause
Fornixconjunctiva
GlandsofWolfring
Abovethetarsalplate

Lacrimalapparatus
Lacrimalglands
Upperlateralsideofthe
orbit
2parts:orbital&palpebral
parts
1020ducts
Severalseparatelobulesof
tubuloacinarserousglands
Drainsintotheupperfornix
Washoverthesurfaceof
theeye

 Tearsdrainfromtheeye
throughlacrimalpuncta
Lacrimalcanaliculiatmedial
angle,
Mergeintocommonlacrimal
duct
Openintolacrimalsac,
pseudostratifiedciliated
epithelium
Continuoustonasolacrimal
ductopentonasalcavity
belowtheinferiorturbinate