CHAPTER 3

MATTER

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1) state that things have mass and occupy space
2) explain what matter is
3) carry out activities to show that air, water, soil
and living things
have mass and occupy space.

3.1 What Is Matter?

Everything (living or non-living things) which has
mass and occupies space.

Topic 3 Matter

What Is Matter?
Matter
Matter

Consists of very small, discrete and

moveable particles.

Examples : Air, water, soil, animals,

plants.

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 IS AIR A MATTER???

Topic 3 Matter

What Is Matter?
Experiment To Show That Air Has
Mass And Occupies Space

Drinking
straw
Balloon that
is leaking

Two balanced
balloons

Cellophane
Tape

Pin
X

The balloon
filled with air
is heavier

Observations
1. When the balloon was pricked with a pin, the air comes out of the
balloon.
2. Balloon X becomes lighter than balloon Y because balloon Y is filled
with air.
Conclusions :
Air has mass and occupies space. Air is a matter.

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 IS SOIL A MATTER???

Topic 3 Matter

What Is Matter?
Experiment To Show That Soil Has
Mass And Occupies Space

Soil
Scale

Indicator

Soil

Observations
1. The measuring cylinder is filled with 20 cm of soil.
2. The reading on the level balance increases when the soil is poured
into the level balance .
Conclusions :
Soil is matter because it has mass and occupies space.
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Non-matter
Non-matter do not have mass and do not
occupy space.
Examples???

Topic 3 Matter

3.2 States Of Matter

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Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1) state that matter is made up of particles
2) state the three states of matter
3) state the arrangement of particles in the three states
of
matter
4) state the differences in the movement of particles in
the three
states of matter.

Topic 3 Matter

States Of Matter
Solid

Liquid

Gas

States
States Of
Of Matter
Matter
Table,
Table, chair,
chair, rock,
rock, book,
book,
pen,
pen, pencil
pencil

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Water,
Water, oil
oil

Oxygen,
Oxygen, nitrogen,
nitrogen,
carbon
carbon dioxide
dioxide

Particle arrangements: solids

This animation shows a 2-D view of the motion of the
atoms in a 3-D solid.

Boardworks Ltd 2003

Particle arrangements: liquids

This animation shows a 2-D view of the motion of the
atoms in a liquid. There is no order.

Boardworks Ltd 2003

Particle arrangements: gases

Boardworks Ltd 2003

Topic 3 Matter

States Of Matter
The Arrangement And Movement
Of Solid Particles

Arrangement of
particles
Space
between particles
Movement of particles

Closely packed in a regular pattern.

Very small
Vibrate and rotate in a fixed position.

Shape

Have definite shape.

Volume

Have definite volume.

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Topic 3 Matter

States Of Matter
The Arrangement And Movement
Of Liquid Particles

Arrangement of
particles
Space
between particles

Close but are not arranged in fixed

position.
Small.

Movement of particles

Move freely and slide over each other in

long chain.

Shape

No definite shape follow the shape of the

container.

Volume

Have definite volume.

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Topic 3 Matter

States Of Matter
The Arrangement And Movement
Of Gas Particles

Arrangement of
particles
Space
between particles
Movement of particles

Very far apart

Very big
Move freely and faster at random.

Shape

No definite shape follow the shape of the

container.

Volume

No definite volume follow the volume of the

container.

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Activity 1: SIMULATION
You will divided into 2 groups (boys and girls).
You need to do the simulation of
arrangement
movement
of particles in 3 states of matter (solid, liquid and gas)

Topic 3 Matter

States Of Matter
Summary of Solid, Liquid And Gas Characteristics

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Definite shape

No definite shape

No definite shape

Definite volume

Definite volume

No definite volume

Particles close together

Particles further apart

than in solid

Particles far apart

Particles vibrate in fixed

positions

Particles able to move

and slide over each
other

Particles move freely

and faster at random

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Activity: Classify me

SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

Milk

LIQUID

Fire smoke

GAS

Submarine

SOLID

Helium

GAS

Honey

LIQUID

Butter

SOLID

Steam from the boiling water

GAS

Ice cube

SOLID

Ozone Layer

GAS

Rainbow

Non-matter

PT3 QUESTION EXERCISE

Topic 3 Matter

3.3 The Concept Of Density

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Which do you think would have the

greater mass? The greater volume?
Why?
1 kg of feathers

1 kg of rocks

What is Density?
If you take the same volume of different
substances, then they will weight different
Wood
Ice
Iron
amounts.
1 cm3

1 cm3

1 cm3

0.50 g

1.00 g

8.00 g

IRON

Q) Which has the greatest mass and therefore the most

dense?

Density is the Mass per unit

Volume

Density

Mass ( g )
Volume ( cm 3 )

Density
It is a measure of how tightly packed and how heavy the
molecules are in an object.

Compactness

Topic 3 Matter

The Concept Of Density

Examples Of Some Objects Density
Copper

Iron

Cork

Rubber wood

Volume

1 cm3

1 cm3

1 cm3

1 cm3

Mass

9g

7.9 g

0.25 g

0.53 g

Density

9 gcm-3

7.9 gcm-3

0.25 gcm-3

0.53 gcm-3

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Which one is more dense?

Which square is more dense?

Which one is more dense?

Now which one is more dense?

Topic 3 Matter

The Concept Of Density

Relationship Between Density And The Ability To Float
An object that is
dense will sink in liquids that are less dense
less dense will float in liquids that are denser
The density of an object can be changed by changing its volume.

A lump of plasticine sinks in

the water because it is
denser than water.

When a lump of plasticine is moulded

into the shape of a boat, it can float
on the water.
The volume of the lump of plasticine
increases when its shape is changed.
Thus, it is now less dense than water.

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The Concept Of Density

Topic 3 Matter

Collecting hydrogen in an experiment

Hydrogen is less dense than water. It can be collected
by the water displacement method.

Solving
Solving Simple
Simple
Problems
Problems Related
Related
To
To Density
Density

Ship floats on water.

The ship has a big space filled with air, causing its
density less than the density of water. This makes the
ship to float on water.
Meteorological balloon
Helium is less dense than air. It will make the balloon
float in the air.
Hot air balloon
Hot air is less dense than cold air. When the air in the
balloon becomes hotter, its density decreases. This
causes the balloon to rise higher.
Lifting sunken objects from sea bed
Helium or air is pumped into a big balloon. The big
balloon is attached to the sunken objects. The balloon
will rise and lift the object to the surface.
Killing mosquito larvae
Oil is less dense than water. So, when a layer of oil is
sprayed on stagnant water, the oil will cut off the
mosquito larvaes air supply and they will die.

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Topic 3 Matter

3.4 The Properties Of Matter And Their Application

In Everyday Life

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Topic 3 Matter

The Properties Of Matter And Their Application In Everyday Life

Transporting timber logs
- Timber logs are less dense than water, loggers use
river to transport the logs from the forest to the saw
mills.
Application
Application Of
Of The
The
Concept
Of
Density
Concept Of Density

Fishing nets
- Plastic balls are tied to fishing nets to make the nets
to float in the sea.
Hot air balloon
- The air that fills up the balloon becomes less dense
than the surrounding air when it is heated. The heated
air will make the balloon float in the air.

Submarine
- To sink, ballast tanks is filled with water. So, the
submarine becomes denser than sea water and it will
sink below the surface.
- By emptying the ballast tanks, the submarine is
less dense than the sea water. So, it will rise to the
surface.

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Topic 3 Matter

The Properties Of Matter And Their Application In Everyday Life

The
The Uses
Uses Of
Of Different
Different States
States Of
Of Matter
Matter In
In Everyday
Everyday Life
Life
Gas

Gas can be compressed to form liquids for easy storage.

Storing gases in liquid form allows us to save even more

space.

A large volume of gas can be compressed to form a small

volume of liquid.

Natural gas is stored as liquified natural gas (LNG).

Cooking gas is also stored in cylinder in liquid form.
Liquid

Liquid takes the shape of the container.

Manufactures of perfume produce different types and

shapes of perfume bottles to attract customers.
Solid

Matter in solid state is hard and strong.

Iron is used to construct building, bridges and vehicles.

Wood is suitable for building houses.

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