LANGUAGE FEEDBACK

Task 1

Check structures in the handout (point 1)

against corpus evidence

ver) Talk radio host Bill Cunningham, a lawyer by training, regards himself as a hang' em high conservative, but even felt this was a

n not dig deep enough to destroy it. Israel, which regards the Iranian nuclear program as a threat to its very existence, has said there
there's no - there's zero tolerance with regards to birth control. There is no such thing as a compromise. So the

ng about everything that he's been through, in regards to the domestic violence case. And mentions revenge. And it was Amanda.

ll, maybe, we should change the laws in regards to the people who handle the guns being responsible for any misadventures. BLOOM: We

0 Paladino Avenue. 30 Paladino Avenue one. Regards to a DOA in a vehicle. WOMAN-# 2 (News reporter): A

do? SENATOR-JOHN-MCCAI: Do what they have found out as regards to the security of information that could have led individuals to thre

and balanced. AXELROD: Send Ed my regards. WALLACE: I will. Up next, we'll hear from the Romney campaign

helped provide intelligence on -- that was very helpful with regards to this operation. ORR: Pakistani officials say Afridi's vaccination ruse c

ad been a simmer turned into a boil in many regards. JUDY-WOODRUFF: And so what was the main takeaway? We showed some of these

ny occasion to describe the things that I believe with regards to the Speaker's background. We'll probably get a chance to do that

ny time there was a Republican on the ballot. With regards to the Speaker's involvement in the Reagan years, he can speak for himself

APPLAUSE) ROMNEY: I think he threw Israel under the bus with regards to defining the' 67 borders as a starting point of negotiations. I thi

de intelligence on, that was very helpful with regards to this operation. And he was not in any way treasonous towards Pakistan.

ding. They set the mode for all of London with regards to collar points and spats. The handsome young man who stood before her represented
sister and her husband my best regards. I do hope they remain blissfully enamored of one another, although it is
studies seem to emerge daily from scientists debating health concerns in regards to weight, I thought we could have

seatpost. # The tubes and fork on this year 's model are more compliant than on the first incarnation by as much as 13 percent,

of Cannondale's careful rider-focused design. Although the 2012 women 's model shares DNA with the frame ridden to multiple victories last y

en's product manager Lyriel Jordan. # Indeed, the women 's model has a shorter top tube and slightly taller head tube than the men's version

of Cannondale's careful rider-focused design. Although the 2012 women 's model shares DNA with the frame ridden to multiple victories by Te

en's product manager Lyriel Jordan. # Indeed, the women 's model has a shorter top tube and slightly taller head tube than the men's version

hine, I suggest installing the Enermax NAXN ENP450AST. As the device 's model number implies, this product is a 450W power supply, so it's

hat uses similar technology, stole the show. The thinnest LG 's model, measures less than 0.16 inch thick and weighs just 16.5 pounds. # Alas

e the spirit is active in my life. " # FOCUS 's model does seem to be working, at least with some students, who go on

archaeologists must study many wrecks and identify patterns between them. Foley 's model is not the soft science of digging and interpretation
have an evaluation system in place -- either their own or CDE 's model -- by July 2013. # After the recent summit, Anthes said, her e-mail

mplete with an anxiety rating of no more than 3/10. Clark 's model of panic (Clark, 1986) was used to diagnose Jenkins' problem.

use University. # Blaut, J. M. 1993. The Colonizer 's Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History. New York: Guilford

al to exert influence and power within the environment. Third, Bronfenbrenner 's model is bidirectional. That is, changes in the ecological system

ethods to have same bias. # In the evidential basis of Messick 's model, value-neutral as well as theory-neutral facts are problematic, so validit

management on those things you could control. I think that is Obama 's model now. It's - I'm not sure it'll be enough, because

mocrats like Harold Ickes, who basically want to copy Karl Rove 's model, what would you rather see Democrats do to counter some of the mon
have that general goal. The point of Abu Musab al-Suri 's model is to allow them to operate with that goal in mind but without the risk

or Media and Democracy. More than 800 documents, including ALEC 's model legislation, were obtained by " the Nation " and can be viewed at

ITA-HILL: I work every day to live up to my mother 's model. She was a very proud woman. And she really prepared me to go

hrough, the young lieutenant in charge made a note of Mek 's model and serial numbers. " In case

ducts (DuVall and Hills, p.29). # As we can see, the effects of industrialization and manufacturing, beginning with the industrial
Great

pically will carry some distance and use very carefully. As we can see, it takes some effort just to obtain a day's supply of water

down to where that photograph was taken. As we can see those guys are paddling with makeshift boats as oars. They had
he

of tame that a little bit. But as we can see, he s still dating a twenty-seven-year-old. Theres a little bit of a May/December

s a heaving field of slickrock stretching as far as we can see. A few miles later, we're in a sand wash with a series

temporary African arts are profoundly shaped by their markets. As we can see, concepts such as Hobsbawm and Ranger's "
tradition " and Cohen

s a major producer of rice and cotton. As we can see in Figure 12, the majority of the nation's rice is produced in the

g vegetation, it meanders across alpine wildflower meadows as far as we can see. We're traveling in mid-September, and the
w-free. We cross

Costs of a Global Welfare System. " As we can see, it is clearly illogical for us to continue to pay the costs of the

presence of storm systems such as hurricanes. However, as we can see from this journey into the more personal impacts of
e events and migrating populations,

dea which way they're going to bounce, as we can see. So this campaign is going to let the people know that. KING:

STRONG, RIBSOMS FLOWERS, TRENTON, NJ: As far as we can see, its in the first floor, the whole basement is totally covered.

specially Aclimaao, Vila Mariana, and Jardim Sade. As we can see from the map below, there are gateball courts in most parts

do you -- who do you work for after JFK Junior? That there -- there are n't many people in the world that are as famous as he was.
that alone and focus on the issue. (Crowd-cheering) JAN-CRAWFORD: On many of the issues there are n't a lot of differences except on this
question, and yes this came
know. Yes, Bob? BECKEL: I was going to say, as if there are n't conservative writers who take all their stuff from these right wing blogs.
we have momentum and the economy is growing, not enough -- it's -- there are n't enough jobs, and there's not economic growth. We're
heading
an ability to work together? TODD-ZWILLICH: I think it's probably the latter. There are n't a lot of signs that there's going to be really any
substantive
Vinny. LAUER: Vin. Mr-VINCENT-KARTHEI: No, it's one of these two guys. Mr-SLATTERY: There are n't that many practical jokes, really. MrJARED-HARRIS: You've got photographic evidence
that is a really good place to start. So, it's not like there are n't ideas out there. There's just not the leadership coming from the
you can have the government you want and somebody else is going to pay. There are n't enough rich people to pay. So I think this is a --

things that we can find, which are your garbage cans here. UNIDENTIFIED-FEMAL: But there are n't enough garbage receptacles on the street
to say this is the plastic,
deny this. Because if he doesn't get up there and deny it, there are n't any denials before the jury except for what his attorney had said.
town in Alabama that are losing, as you point out, 400 journalists, there are n't these alternative source of news. And I just don't think the
to lean left a little bit more. Than they lean right. Not that there are n't conservatives in Hollywood, but there are a lot of liberals. "
. I believe you; neither I have. But that doesn't mean that there are n't white liberals out there who feel just the opposite. There are.
that piece of evidence and that case is scrutinized from enough angles to ensure that there are n't those false positives. JOHN-DONVAN: So
you're saying that people should take the
That's the first step. And the second step is if you find that there are n't enough qualified people in the pool, then you try to create programs
. I mean, that's who they are. They're all workers. There are n't a lot of bosses. They're just - everybody's a worker
looks like a charter bus, " Michelle commented as they got closer. " There are n't any regular busses painted gold. I wish I could read what it
this one, did you, Jack? Don't let word get out. There are n't many like her. " # Though she didn't look up,
picturing was Lisa getting cornholed by Robin. # He's still picturing it. There are n't exactly a lot of distractions around here. Maybe Brisson
should have thought
six-packs in it that he somehow didn't notice while he was fishing. # There are n't, but the view from there reminds him of what he did with
here. A few of us have a little property. We exist, but there are n't many of us. As far as buying slaves go, all Harvey

the Edisto River, which runs right nearby. And most important of all, there are n't any fancy hotels there, where a person such as yourself mig
stay
" He was not a happy camper. " # " I'll bet. There are n't many reasons a woman wants to disappear. " # She blinked at
by the sun, the boy spoke before thinking. " But, Abba, there are n't any tigers here, " he pointed out. # His father rose
: Listen, only a few schools in the country train female pilots. But there are n't any that will train a black woman. # BESSIE: Who are
. # " I bet it is, though, " said Arnold. " There are n't more than a couple-three places on that road, even now, til
there are, like... sharks. " # Dusty rolled his eyes. " There are n't any sharks. Look - I might not be able to rock Zhaoping

experimental chair next to the articulated stand holding up the geodesic sphere. # " There are n't any brain waves in the sense you're thinkin
" Singh said

be paying in vegetables so it made sense to stop in and say hi. There are n't a lot of things you can profitably export from the Outer
System,
CEZAR-1ACTOR2-# What do you mean? MARGOT-1ACTRESS2# You know, well, you know - there are n't a lot of people of color in this area,
you know?
of anything else, you're doing yourself a favor. And that's - there are n't a lot of people who are going to disagree with that statement.
A lot of walking. KOTB: There's a lot of walking. But there are n't a lot of parks around. There's a few. GIFFORD:
get the details and the specifics of something that's not very specific, and there are n't a lot of details yet, leave it to " The Daily Show
me had always wondered if that was so I could be tracked down eventually. There are n't a lot of redheaded American women in their early
twenties with Sanskrit names
. " C --Tim Stack 10--11PM* Steal a Pencil for Me PBS, TV-PG HD There are n't a lot of laughs to be found in concentration-camp love-story
docs. So
becoming the Milwaukee Brewers. " They didn't have a huge fan base. There are n't a tremendous amount of them out there. But a uniform
patch or
the time it helps him because he's able to complete those tough passes. There are n't a lot of quarterbacks with his combination of
confidence, arm strength and
Burton-Lyles says. " Just say I graduated music school in 1954. " # There are n't a lot of visitors, which both ladies lament. " If we
investors fled all but the safest forms of debt. # As a result, there are n't a lot of insurance companies in a position to be buying anything
right
she returned to the district this year. # " It's frustrating because... there are n't a lot of teachers whose first choice is to teach middle
school...
this out there, basically ruin the day for her. Now, remember, there are n't a lot of days left between now and the Pennsylvania primary. So
Mr-JOSEPH-FLAHERTY: I said to Joe there aren't -- without being an alarmist -- there are n't a lot of good scenarios here. (Voiceover) I told
him that I
, I tell you, you're the one. I mean, I -- there are n't a lot of people who do think that, I mean, because

their overwhelmingly visual content, movies are usually considered inaccessible to blind people. In fact, a VI person may still enjoy a movie fr
its soundtrack,

Although parents typically maintain that their children with nocturnal enuresis are deep sleepers, in fact enuresis can occur during any stage o
sleep, thus it is the c

or absence of periods. Patients often say they can't be pregnant when in fact they mean precautions were taken, at varying levels, and they d
not believe

, URI faculty regularly complain that the library does not have a journal when in fact the library has a print-only subscription. # Corroborating
faculty preference for online journals on
experts could state that a treatment does not benefit individuals with autism when, in fact this is not the case (i.e., false negative). # On the

the threshold approach would be to discourage use of an intervention that is, in fact, effective. # Hierarchical approaches typically can provide
more information about a practice,
nature has in the past led some men to feign friendship while they were in fact jealous of you, so remember the wise words of the playwright
Epicharmus: "

blood in U.S.-Israeli relations and a settlement moratorium that disappointed the Arabs. # In fact, in general, Obama's relations with the Israe
have been curiously tone-deaf

n. Mitt Romney doesn't have a record to run on. He wants you not to know two things -- Newt's record and his record. WALLACE:

Simpsons. " You know you've really made it when Homer Simpson wants you to occupy the Oval Office. (BEGIN-VIDEO-CLIP) CARTOON:
're all excellent
to you to make the most of it and use it. God wants you to help yourself. B ! ECKEL: I would like to agree

al college professor and trying to indoctrinate them. Well, I understand why he wants you to go to college, he wants to remake you in his
e.

e exit polls tonight and other nights and say, The one person who wants you to stay in this race is really Mitt Romney, what do you say

side) Come here, Dad. Unidentified Man 2: (Sean outside) He wants you to go down there. Mr-D-GOLDMAN: (Sean outside) Coming. You
d

ries. UNIDENTIFIED-MALE: Trust Duracell. BASH: How about some cool snowboarding? Wait. Chevy wants you to check out its new car. Now
olitical world

nning and be the best that you can and you'll get to where god wants you to be. BLITZER: Joe Osteen. Thanks very much for coming into "

NATION. Later on in the program, Laura Vanderkam joins us. She wants you to know that you're not really quite as busy as you say you
she's making a decision, she doesn't want to test. She wants you, in a sense, to run interference for her. And if your

me, they can't be. They're not there. The military wants you to be two women. They want you to be the one who takes

omment #1022 by jimmyfox on November 25 at 7:14 p.m. # Nobody wants you. Just shut it down. Why would you ask us to hold out
Pepperdine. " # Good. Stay in California. No one wants you here. # " Is that a good school? " Katie said.

# " I got a call this morning asking about you. Somebody wants you for a feature. " # My anger fades very rapidly. # "

" Ygerne's red hair glowed in the flickering lamplight. " He wants you there so that he has someone to blame if the negotiations do not go

s against your dad. Understand his choices. Move on like your father wants you to do. Like your sisters have done. Perhaps you could even

steak dinner before your mother arrives in Chicago for her yearly visit and wants you to eat organic tofu for the next ten days. " Bridget
d.

es are dull as tombs, " the duke said. " But your mother wants you to go and meet her friends' daughters. She's been pining for

and Brett Raymer, stars of Animal Planet's Tanked, about getting year old. (ANNOUNCEMENTS) BRETT-RAYMER-1Tan: ATM, baby. This is how
o it. MAN-#

rue. JEFF-GLOR: Yeah. ALEX-GUARNASCHELLI: I have a four and a half year old. My mother, when I was a kid, would roast a chicken and

s out Nicolas Lucke drunk-dialed and turned himself in. Police found the twenty-three year old sitting in his parked car with the engine still
ing. He was charged with

ssmate while in high school. And on Thursday, the now twenty-six year old sobbed as the judge finally threw out the bogus charges that had
him to

m was autistic. STOCKMAN: We started to see a change in Micah after one year old. It was drastic, because Michael was the first one to talk.

is dead allegedly killing his wife and teenage daughter. Police say 41 year old Peter Keller was holed up in a bunker for two days. A SWAT

wanted. An arrest has been made in the murder of her 16 year old daughter. Felicia Barnes went missing in Baltimore in December of 2010.
despite

as, why don't we turn to you? Your son is a year old now and you had him at 23. What did you think about Bonnie's

m doing weekend visits, like sleepovers. By the time he was a year old and, you know, it's been happening. I mean he's just

arrie Goldman. She's the mom of three girls. Her eight year old daughter Katie came to the family through an open adoption and she writes a

Testa is one of those listeners. She's a mom of three year old twins. Her sons were conceived using a sperm donor. Welcome to you,

97 girls and boys treated between 1998 and 2010; the youngest was 4 years old. Kids that young and their families get psychological
counseling and are monitored
SUV to replace his mother's 2008 Infiniti sedan in Dallas. At 22 years old, he's his family's designated car expert. Unlike previous searches,
he
83655 Let's say you're 63 years old and trying to figure out how to invest the money you've managed to put
law and later committed to a mental hospital for treatment. # Now 70 years old, Landau is fighting to reverse that designation and get out
of the mental hospital
14, 1932, in Johnson County, Kentucky. That makes her 80 years old, not 77. Also on file is her marriage license and two affidavits from
Webb Lynn. # Melvin Webb lists his daughter " Loretta " as 7 years old for the 1940 Census, according to a digital copy on file at the
Kentucky
nobody out there saying, She don't look bad considering she's such-and-such years old.' " # Lynn's co-author on " Coal Miner's Daughter, "
he's in the first two years of his term and he's 40 years old probably doesn't help him. " # Farrington reported from Tallahassee, Fla. #
84481 When Charles Amirkhanian was 5 years old, his father brought home what he thought was a record of Armenian folk music
and played) in Rod Laver Arena, and Laver himself, now 73 years old, was in the front row until the bittersweet end of both matches. "
across Canada, including about 32,000 adults and 10,000 juniors (16 to 20 years old) not in the top-tier Canadian Hockey League. " Our
ultimate goal is to
more than 750,000 photographs and 200,000 artifacts? # The state is under 140 years old, and even if you include the ancient cliff
dwellings preserved in Mesa Verde National

HANDOUT: POINTS 2-5

ANTICIPATORY IT
Why Steve Jobs was a genius is clear.
It is clear why Steve Jobs was a genius.
Anticipatory it

ONLY WITH CLAUSES, not with phrases

(NOT it is clear the message)

IT AS SUBJECT

If the subject is a long or grammatically

complex structure (a that-clause, wh-clause,
to-infinitive or if-clause), we prefer to use a
pattern with it. This allows us to put those
clauses at the end of the sentence, which is
the usual place in English for information that
is important or new.
Example:

Why Steve decided to resign

Better:

It is clear

resign.

is clear.

why Steve decided to

A) IT + BE + ADJECTIVE/NOUN PHRASE + CLAUSE

It

+ is + clear + why Steve decided to resign.

It + is + my ambition + to set up my own
business.

Original sentence: To set up my own business is my ambition:

It

+ is + an honour + that Professor Jobs is

attending the conference this evening.
other nouns typically occurring in this
pattern are intention, hope

B) IT + VERB + (OBJECT) + CLAUSE

Examples:
It + helps + the cook + to have a sharp knife.
It + upsets + me + to hear people arguing.
It + worried + her parents + that she drove
so fast.
Verbs in this group include amaze, annoy,
astonish, bother, concern, frighten, hurt,
please, scare, shock, surprise, upset and
worry.

C) IT + VERB + ADJECTIVE/NOUN
PHRASE + FOR + OBJECT + TO
INFINITIVE

It + is + important + for + the meeting + to

start at 8.00.
It + was + a good idea + for them + to travel
in separate cars.

C) IT + VERB + ADJECTIVE/NOUN PHRASE +

FOR + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE (2)

This structure is common with many adjectives expressing

possibility, necessity, importance, etc. Some of
them are un/important, essential, necessary, normal,
common, un/usual, right, wrong, pointless, vital, etc.

The most common nouns used in this structure are

mistake, idea, plan, shame and pity.

IT AS OBJECT

It refers to a clause that comes later in the

sentence.
SUBJECT + VERB+ IT + THAT CLAUSE/ WHCLAUSE/ IF- CLAUSE
SUBJECT + VERB + IT + NOUN PHRASE/
ADJECTIVE + THAT CLAUSE/ WH- CLAUSE/
INFINITIVE

SUBJECT + VERB+ IT + THAT CLAUSE/ WH- CLAUSE/ IF- CLAUSE

I + hate + it + that you can swim so well and I

cant.
I + wouldnt mind + it + if she helped in the
house.
We + like + it + when you cook for us.

VERBS USED WITH THIS

STRUCTURE

bear,
enjoy, hate, like, love, dont
mind, cant stand, prefer,
resent, understand, etc.
have to do with (not) liking, e.g.

SUBJECT + VERB + IT + NOUN PHRASE/ ADJECTIVE

+ THAT CLAUSE/ WH- CLAUSE/ INFINITIVE

We + found + it + strange + that she hadnt

written.
I + consider + it + a waste of money + to
throw food away.
Verbs used with this structure indicate how
we see a particular event or situation, e.g.
believe, consider, find, feel, think, etc.

EXERCISES
AS SUBJECT
REWRITE THESE SENTENCES BEGINNING
WITH IT

To drive a car without a licence is illegal.

That she wasnt hurt in the fall was a miracle.

To sing in a choir is very enjoyable.

If the two countries dont reach an agreement soon will be

surprising.

Where the light was coming from was far from clear.

That the two sides work towards peace is the Foreign Ministers
hope.

That you already know my secret is obvious.

To send his children to study abroad is his intention.

When Max eventually turned up was a relief.

To know basic computer skills is essential nowadays.

That they could get lost on the way back really worries
me.

That he has a good rapport with his students is very

important for Pete.

AS OBJECT

Join the sentences using introductory it as an

object. You might need to make some changes.

She would like to make a living from her

painting. She finds this impossible.
She dances very well. I love this. She moves so
gracefully.
Students make the same mistake again and
again. I cant stand this.
People dont pick up their dogs mess. I hate
this.

OTHER EXPLANATIONS

1. USES OF IT: IT PRONOUN, DUMMY/PREP IT,

ANTICIPATORY IT.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/min
or/antit.htm
2. IT EXTRAPOSITION ( extra practice)
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/sent-cleft
.html#whatcleft
weighing content).

THE ONLINE DICTIONARY OF LANGUAGE

TERMINOLOGY (ODLT).
EXPLANATION OF ANTICIPATORY IT

http://www.odlt.org/ballast/anticipatory_it
.html

Also remember to revise cleft sentences, to

do this you can visit:
http://cursodeingles-elena.blogspot.com.es
/2013/10/b2-advanced-2-grammar-unit-1b-cle
ft.html

THERE USED AS A DUMMY SUBJECT

The word there can be used as a pronoun,

functioning as a dummy subject.
Examples:
There is hope.
There are some students.
There occurred a terrible accident.
There exist two major factors.
There appears to be a vast amount of confusion on
this point.
There seem to be some problems (NOT There
seems to be)
There dont seem to be many people on campus

there can be used with the verb to be in

existential clauses, clauses that refer to the
existence or presence of something.
This pattern includes structures like
There

must be/ there cant be

There seems to be
There happens to be
There tends to be

It can also be used with verbs verbs of state like

exist or occur, remain, and verbs of arrival
There

remains nothing to be done

There entered a strange figure

Normally you dont use there in sentences

with a definite subject (noun with a definite
article/proper name)

There was the door open

(the door was open)
There was James at the party
(James was at the party)