What is any number system?

What are digits?

What is a number?
What do u mean by place value of digit in number?
What do you mean by Memory Address line?
What do you mean by Memory Data line?
What do you mean by Memory Height?
What do you mean by Memory Width?
What is the last possible address of memory,starting from
0000h?
What is the heart of your processor/Controller?
What do you mean by OPCODES?
What is d difference between general instructions and
specific instructions?
What do you mean by Stack?
What is Stack Pointer?
What is the memory Mapping?

 What do u mean by Mnemonics?

What do u mean by Directives?
What do u mean by Assembler?
What do u mean by Compiler?
What do u mean by Hex file?
What do u mean by header file?
What do u mean by big endian/Little endian?
Why does address n datalines multiplexed in most
processor and controller?
How can demultiplexing of data and address line be done?
What is the need of interrupt?
What is the interrupt enabling?
What is interrupt generation?
What is vector address?
What is interrupt priority?
What is need of Operating system?
What is pipeling?

Number System

Digits nothing but symbols used in that system and possible combinatio
of these digits is nothing but numbers in that number system.

Conclusions about
Number System?

 If you want to give a unique address to each

location then,How much minimum address bits are
required in binary?

 If we use two bits for each

location,then
00
01
10
11
00

Repeated

 If we use three bits for each

location,then
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

 So we reqired three address lines.

000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

 So we reqired three address lines.

0
1
1

000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111

 So we reqired three address lines.

0
1
1

000
001
010
00000

011
100
101
110
111

onclusions about memor

 Processor basics(8085)
Goto
0011
b

PC

CPU

OhhCPU wants
contents of
0011bI will
search

Memor
y

PC,Please
tell me
where
should I go
in memory
to take
opcode?
0011
Address line of Memory

 Processor basics(8085)
0
PC

0
1
1

0000
0001
Memor 0010

XXXXX

0011
0100

1111

CPU

 Processor basics(8085)

PC

Memor
y
XXXXX

Decoder

CPU

Four Types of Memories:

Stack
Pointer

Program
Counter

D
PS
W

8085

Extrernal
Memory
(64KB max
combinatio
n of
RAM or
ROM)

Program
/OPCOD
ES

A
STACK

Data

ADI 05H. Let us assume that the

accumulator
contains the result of previous operation
i.e., 03H and instruction is held at
memory locations 2030H and 2031H .

Four Types of Memories:

Progra
m
Counter
2031
2030

8085

C6H

2030

05H

2031

CPU

2030

Program
/OPCOD
ES

Four Types of Memories:

Ohhit is ADI
instruction.It is
of 2 bytes,
There
must be
Decodin
another gbyte in
memory.

Progra
m
Counter
2031
2030

CPU
0E
A=09

2031

8085

C6H

2030

05H

2031

MVI B, data

Tressa Michael

8085 timing diagram for Opcode fetch cycle for MOV C,

A.

8085 timing diagram for

Opcode
fetch cycle for MOV C, A .
Tressa
Michael

INR M

Tressa Michael

ADD M

Tressa Michael

STA addr

Tressa Michael

Four Types of Memories:

80bytes
Scratch
pad
Interna
area

Interna
l
Progra
m
(4Kb
ROM)

l
Data
STACK
(128
4
Bytes
Registo
rRAM)
Bank

16byte Bit &

byte
addressable
area

PORT080H

SP-81H

DPL-82H

DPH-83H

A-E0H

8051
Extrern
alData
(64KB
max
RAM or
ROM)

Extrern
alProgr
am
(64KB
max
ROM)