DISTRIBUTOR :

7. Internal Lightning Protection

System

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

The primary source of interference is the

lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP),
especially the lightning current and its
unattenuated magnetic field, which has the same
wave form as the lightning current.
The lightning current can consist of the following
strokes:
one first short stroke with positive or negative
polarity
subsequent short strokes with negative polarity
a long stroke with positive or negative polarity.
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

The susceptible elements are electric and

electronic systems in or at a structure, which have
only a limited withstand capability against impulse
currents and magnetic fields.

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

The withstand capability of such electronic

systems is usually proved by tests in accordance
with IEC 61000-4:
on conducted impulse currents according to IEC
61000-4-5 with test voltages of 0.5-1-2-4 kV
(wave form 11.2/50) and/or with test currents of
0.25-0.5-1-2 kA (wave form 8/20) and
on magnetic fields according to IEC 61000-4-9
with test levels of 100-300-1000 A/m (wave form
8/20) or according to IEC 61000-4-10 with test
levels of 10-30-100 A/m (1 MHz).
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

LEMP or EMC situation at a lightning strike

Radiated Lightning Interference
Lightning Source of Interference
Lightning Current According to IEC 61312-1
Lightning Magnetic Field According to IEC 61312-2 H
LPZ 0
LPZ 0
Radiated Interference

LPZ 1
H LPZ 1
Radiated Interference
SPD (LPZ 0B /LPZ 1)
(IEC 61312-3)
Induced Lightning
Interference
Line from LPZ 0B

SPD (LPZ 1/
(LPZ 2)
(IEC 61312-3)

LPZ 2

H LPZ 2

Equipment Shield (housing)

Potentially Susceptible Integrated

Equipment
SPD
ConConducted ConInterference Immunity According to
ducted
Interference
ducted
IEC 61000-4-5 (conducted interference)
Inter- IEC 61000-4-9 (radiated interference) Interference IEC 61000-4-10 (radiated interference)ference

SPD (LPZ 1/
LPZ 2) SPD (LPZ 0A /LPZ 1)
(IEC 61312-3) IEC 61312-3
Conducted Partial Lightning Current
Interference Line from LPZ A
0

Room Shield (IEC 61312-2)

Buildings Shield (IEC 61312-2)

2267

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

2267e.ppt / 03.05.1999 /

General principle for the division into different LPZ

LPZ 0

Antenna
Mast
or
railing

Electrical
power line

Boundary
of
LPZ 2

LPZ 2

LPZ 1

Boundary
of
LPZ 1

Equipment

Bonding of incoming services

directly or by suitable SPD

Water
pipe

Bonding
location

Telecommunication
line

This Figure shows an example for dividing a structure into inner LPZs.
All metal services entering the structure are bonded via bonding bars at the boundary of LPZ 1.
In addition, the metal services entering LPZ 2 (e.g. computer room) are bonded via bonding bars at the boundary of LPZ 2.
2002 DEHN + SHNE

S1

LPZ
defined by
protection
measures
against
LEMP
(IEC 62305-4)

LPZ 0A

S3

LPZ 0B

SPD
0B /1

6
SPD
0A/1

LPZ 1

ds

R
S4
LPZ 0B

SPD
1/2

ds
LPZ 2

S2

SPD
1/2

LPZ 0B

SPD
0A/1

2002 DEHN + SHNE

DISTRIBUTOR :

Example for dividing a structure into LPZs with

adequate bonding locations
Bonding of incoming services
directly or by suitable SPDs:
SPDs (class I test) required for
services incoming from LPZ 0A
SPDs (class II or III test)
required otherwise
Bonding network

Overhead line
Shield 1
Shield 2

Water pipe

Underground
cable
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

LPZ relevant to protection against failures of

electrical and electronic systems (IEC 62305-4)

0A/1

1/2
1/2

0B/1

LPZ 0A
LPZ 0B
LPZ 1
LPZ 2

Direct flashes, full lightning current

No direct flashes, partial lightning or induced current
No direct flashes, partial lightning or induced current
No direct flashes, induce currents, further damped magnetic field
Protected volume inside LPZ 1 and LPZ 2 must respect separation distance d s
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

Protection
to reduce the failure of internal systems (1)
Protection against LEMP to reduce the risk of failure of internal systems
shall limit :
-

overvoltages due to lightning flashes to the structure resulting from

resistive and inductive coupling ;

overvoltages due to lightning flashes near the structure resulting from

inductive coupling ;

overvoltages transmitted by lines connected to the structure due to flashes to or

near the lines ;
-

magnetic field directly coupling with internal systems.

2002 DEHN + SHNE

Protection
to reduce the failure of internal systems (2)
System to be protected inside a LPZ 1 or higher
- magnetic shields to attenuate the inducing magnetic
field
- suitable routing of wiring to reduce the induction loop
Bonding at the boundaries of LPZ for metal parts and systems
crossing the boundaries (bonding conductors + SPDs)
Coordinated SPD protection
(overvoltages < rated impulse withstand voltage)

2002 DEHN + SHNE

Design of an LPMS
I0 , H0

LPS + Shield LPZ 1

LPZ 0

LPZ 1

Shield LPZ 2

H2

LPZ 2
Apparatus
(victim)
Housing

H1

SPD 1/2
U2 , I2

U1 , I1

H0
Partial
lightning
current
SPD 0/1

LPMS using spatial shields

and coordinated SPD protection.
Apparatus well protected against
conducted surges (U2<< U0 I2 << I0) as well as
against radiated magnetic fields (H2 << H0)

U0 , I0

LPS + Shield LPZ 1

LPMS using spatial shield of LPZ 1

and SPD protection at entry of LPZ 1.
Apparatus protected against
conducted surges (U1 < U0 I1 < I0) as well as
against radiated magnetic fields (H1 < H0)

LPZ 0

LPZ 1
H1
Apparatus
(victim)
Housing

2002 DEHN + SHNE

I0 , H0

H0
Partial
lightning
current
SPD 0/1

U1 , I1

U0 , I0

Design of an LPMS
LPS (No shielding)

I0 , H 0

LPZ 0

LPZ 1

LPMS using internal line shielding

and SPD protection at entry of LPZ 1.
Apparatus protected against
conducted surges (U2 < U0 I2 < I0) as well as
against radiated magnetic fields (H2 < H0)

H2
Apparatus
(victim)
Shielded housing
or chassis etc.

I0 , H 0

LPS (No shielding)

LPZ 0
LPZ 1
H0

Apparatus
(victim)
Housing

SPD
U2 , I2

2002 DEHN + SHNE

SPD 1/2
U1 , I1

H0

LPZ 2

H2

Partial
lightning
current
SPD 0/1/2

U2 , I2
U0 , I0

H0
Partial
lightning
current
SPD 0/1
U0 , I0

LPMS using coordinated SPD protection.

Apparatus protected against
conducted surges (U2 << U0 I2 << I0 ) but not
against radiated magnetic fields (H0)

DISTRIBUTOR :

EMC-Situation at a lightning strike

LPZ
LPZ 00

Building Shield

LPZ
LPZ 11

Room Shield

LPZ
LPZ 22

Device Shield

LPZ
LPZ 33

Information Technology Device

(Potentially Susceptible Equipment)
Immunity defined in :
IEC 61000-4-5 (conducted interferences)
IEC 61000-4-9 } (radiated
and 61000-4-10 interferences)

Lightning Current i0
and Magnetic Field H0

H2

Internes SPD

u2 i2

i0 and H0 impulse 10/350 s and impulse 0,25/100 s

IEC 61000-4-5: u: impulse 1,2/50 s, i: impulse 8/20 s
IEC 61000-4-9: H: impulse 8/20 s (damped oscillation 25 kHz),
IEC 61000-4-10: H: damped oscillation 1 MHz (impulse 0,2/0,4 s),
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

Primary Source of
Interference

H1

SPD

H0

SPD

u1 i1 Partial Lightning
Current

TP = 10 s
TP = 0,25 s
30.10.02 / S1769

DISTRIBUTOR :

EMC-Immunity of electronic systems

according to IEC 61000-4
Conducted Impulse Currents
IEC 61000-4-10

Immunity
Level

4
3
2
1

Surge Voltage Surge Current

1,2/50 s
8/20 s
(kV)
(kA)

4
2
1
0,5

2
1
0,5
0,25

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

Immunity Against Magnetic Field

IEC 61000-4-9
IEC 61000-4-10
Severity
of Test

5
4
3

Test Level
1 MHz
(subsequent
(first partial lightning) stroke)
(A/m)
(A/m)

Test Level
8/20 s

1000
300
100

100
30
10

04.11.02 / 3402_OB

DISTRIBUTOR :

Test Levels
EN 61000-4-10:1993 + A1:2001, Annex C

Class 3: Protected Environment

The environment is characterized by the vicinity of protective earth connections
for the lightning protection installations and metal structures.
Commercial and buisiness areas, control buildings, structures and areas which are
not
part of heavy industry, where, however, lightning protection installations or metal
structures are in direct vicinity. Computer rooms of power switching stations can be
considered as representative for this environment.
Class 4: Typical Industrial Environement
The environment is characterized by protective earth connections for lightning
protection installations and metal structures.
Structures of heavy industry and power supply systems as well as control rooms
of power switching stations can be considered as representative for this
environment.
Class 5: Environment With a Lot of Industry
The environment is charcterized by the following:Circuits, power rails, or
medium and high voltage lines with several ten kA;
Protective earth connections for lightning protection installations or for high
structuressuch as pylons conducting the whole lightning current.
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

04.11.02 / 3402

DISTRIBUTOR :

IEC 62305-4 illustrates the coupling mechanism

and shows that it can be influenced appropriately
by earthing, equipotential bonding, spatial
shielding and line shielding and routing of metal
conductors.
According to the Lightning Protection Zones
Concept the zone to be protected is divided into
Lightning Protection Zones (LPZ) in order to adapt
zones of different LEMP risk levels to the
withstand capability of the electronic system.
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

According to this flexible concept, suitable LPZ

can be defined upon quantity, kind and sensitivity
of the electronic equipment. From small local
zones (to individual enclosures) up to great
integral zones comprising the complete volume of
the building.

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

Outer Zones
LPZ 0A Threat by direct lighting strikes, from
impulse currents up to the complete lightning
current and the complete field of lightning
LPZ 0B Protected against direct lightning
strikes, threat by impulse currents up to partial
lightning currents and the complete field of
lightning

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

Inner Zones (Protected against Direct Lightning

Strikes)
LPZ 1 Impulse currents limited by current
sharing and by Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)
at the LPZ boundaries. The field of lightning can
be attenuated by spatial shielding.
LPZ 2 ... n Impulse currents further limited by
current sharing and by SPDs. Lightning field
usually attenuated by spatial shielding
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

The field of lightning is mostly attenuated by

spatial shielding. The requirements on the inner
zones have to be defined in accordance with the
withstand capability of the electrical and
electronic equipment to be protected.
At the boundary of each inner zone the
equipotential bonding has to be effected for all
entering metal parts and services (directly or by
suitable SPDs) and a spatial shielding can be
installed.
2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

Basic protection measures in an LPMS

1) earthing and bonding :
earth-termination system + bonding network
ex : each conductive service incoming to the structure shall be bonded directly
or via suitable SPD at the entrance point.

2) magnetic shielding and line routing :

- grid-like spatial shielding
- shielding of internal lines (shielded cables, cable ducts,...)
- shielding of external lines entering the structure
- line routing of internal lines
(avoiding induction loops and reducing internal surges)
3) surge protective device system (SPD system) :
limiting both external and internal surges
(coordinated set of SPDs)
2002 DEHN + SHNE

LPMS management plan for new buildings

and for extensive changes in construction or use of buildings

2002 DEHN + SHNE

LPMS management plan for new buildings

and for extensive changes in construction or use of buildings

2002 DEHN + SHNE

Metal component on the roof

Equipment
on the roof

Interception mesh

Example of an LPMS
for an office building
Shielded
cabinet

Bonding

Camera

terminals
Metal facade

Steel reinforcement
in concrete

equipotential bonding
surge protective device (SPD)

Ground level
Sensitive
electronic
equipment

Steel reinforcement
Extended

0.4 kV power line

LPZ 0A

20 kV power line

Car parking

2002 DEHN + SHNE

Extraneous metal services

Telecom lines

Metal cable conduit

(extended LPZ 0A)
Foundation earthing
electrode

Part 5
Services
Telecommunication lines

2002 DEHN + SHNE

Telecommunication lines whith metallic conductors:

protection measures to reduce
1.1) indirect ligthning strike to the telecommunication or signal line
buried sections, shielded cables
SPD
plastic insulated conductors
1.2) direct ligthning strike to the telecommunication or signal line
buried lines: shielded, steel tubes,
aerial lines to be avoided: burying, optical lines,
1.3) direct ligthning to the structure
same as 1.2 + additional earth electrodes at the far end of the structure
2002 DEHN + SHNE

Telecommunication lines with optical fibre cables

type A : cable with dielectric core but having no metal elements ;
type B : cable with dielectric core and metal sheath or sheathes
(no metallic elements in the core of the cable which has
a metal sheath or metallic supporting wire);
type C : cable with metal elements in the core and
with a metal sheath or sheathes ;
type D : cable with metal elements in the core but without metal sheath

A : no risk ;
B,C,D (measures can be combined) :
Use of dielectric or metal-free cables;
Choice of cable type with a higher value of failure current;
Use of shield wires;
Earthing of metal sheath along the route;
Route redundancy;
Use of SPD for the protection of the metallic pairs.
2002 DEHN + SHNE

DISTRIBUTOR :

All entering metal services are to be bonded

at the boundary of LPZ 1
.

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

Power
Supply
Company

Lightning Protection Equipotential Bonding

EBB

PSC

External Lightning Protection

Lightning protection equipotential bonding

for incoming services

Water

Gas
Cathodically Protected Tank Pipe

Foundation Earth Electrode

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

16.05.02 / S532_a

DISTRIBUTOR :

Moreover, the standard also shows how to

reduce the expenditure for equipotential
bonding by means of a connection of several
LPZ or an expansion of one LPZ.

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

Conductors Between Buildings

I

LPZ 0
LPZ 1
SPD

I2

100%
External
Lightning Protection

EBB

I1
LPZ
SPD

LPZ 0
LPZ 1

= Lightning Protection Zone

= Surge Protective Device
(Class I - Test, Lightning Current Arrester)

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

SPD
EBB

I2
EBB = Equipotential Bonding Bar
I1, I2 = Distribution of Lightning Current

07.11.02 / 3404_a

DISTRIBUTOR :

Shielded Conductors Between Buildings

I

LPZ 0
LPZ 1

LPZ 2

SPD
EBB

External Lightning Protection

I2
LPZ 1

Lightning
current conductive
100%
cable shield,
shielded cable
duct, ...
In the cable /cable duct LPZ 1

I1
LPZ
SPD

= Lightning Protection Zone

= Surge Protective Device
(Class II - Test, Surge Arrester)

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

LPZ 0
LPZ 1
SPD

LPZ 2

EBB

I2
EBB = Equipotential Bonding Bar
I1, I2 = Distribution of Lightning Current

07.11.02 / 3404_b

DISTRIBUTOR :

Equipotential bonding measures have to minimise

potential differences among conductive parts of
the structure or of the electronic system. This can
be achieved by means of a bonding network and
the equipotential bonding for all metal parts and
services at the LPZ boundaries (directly or via
SPDs).

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

Example for dividing a structure into several

LPZs and adequate bonding
LPZ 0A
LPZ 0B
Structure Representing Shield 1

LPZ 1
Room,
Representing Shield 2
Local Bonding Bar
LPZ 2
2 at the Boundary
of LPZ 1 and LPZ 2
e.g. Computer Room
Bonding of Shield 2

External
Lightning
Protection
Bonding Bar 1
at the
Boundary of
LPZ 0A, 0B and
LPZ 1
Cables, Lines

Earth Termination
System
1540e_b

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

1540e.ppt / 18.11.99 / ESC

DISTRIBUTOR :

Integration of electronic systems into the bonding netword

Star configuration
S
Basic
configuratio
n

Bonding network

Meshed
configuration
S

Bonding conductor
Equipment
Bonding point to the
bonding network

Integration
into bonding
network

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

ERP

Earthing Reference Point

SS

Star point configuration

integrated by starpoint

MM

Meshed configuration
integrated by mesh

DISTRIBUTOR :

The star configuration requires all metal

components of the electronic system to be
insulated against the bonding network. It may be
connected with the bonding network at one
earthing reference point only (entry). It is mostly
used for small, locally limited systems.

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

For the meshed configuration the metal

components do not have to be insulated, but are
multiply connected with the bonding network.
This configuration is used for broad and open
systems with many lines and several entries.

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

DISTRIBUTOR :

Bonding of lightning protection zones with meshed and star-shaped

functional equipotential bonding at a complex zone structure

LPZ 1

LPZ 1a

Protection Zone
Shield
LPZ 1a
Electric Insulation

LPZ m

Protection Zone
Shield

LPZ n

Central
Equipotential
Bonding Point

Device

LPZ: Lightning
Protection Zones

1076e

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

1076e.ppt / 18.11.99 / ESC

Building with extended EDP-Systems

Lightning protection zones (LPZs 0A, 0B, 1, 2 and 3) and bonding
at the zone-interfaces

DISTRIBUTOR :

LPZ
LPZ 00 AA

SPD class I (Lightning

current arrester)

LEMP

LPZ
LPZ 00 BB

LPZ
LPZ 00 AA
LEMP

Room Shield
Air Ventilation

LPZ
LPZ 22
LPZ
LPZ 33

Ring EBB

LPZ
LPZ 00 BB

SEMP

LPZ
LPZ 22

LPZ
LPZ 00 BB

LPZ
LPZ 11

Information
Techn. Network
S659_b

Terminal Unit

LEMP

SPD class II or class III

(Surge arrester)

Structure Shield
LPZ
LPZ 11

Power Supply
energietechnisches
System
Netz

2002
DEHN
+ SHNE
PT.
TESLA
DAYA
ELEKTRIKA BANDUNG

Steel Reinforcement
659 / 10.09.01/ OB