Dr. Senthilmurugan S.

Department of Chemical Engineering IIT Guwahati - Part 7

Examples
Transient conduction

Transient Conduction
Example 3-1 (Yunus, Afshin)

The temperature of a gas stream is to be measured by a thermocouple whose

junction can be approximated as a 1-mm-diameter sphere, as shown in the
figure. The properties of the junction are k= 35 W/mK, =8500 kg/m3,and cp =
320 J/kgK, and the convection heat transfer coefficient between the junction
and the gas is h=210 W/m2K. Determine how long it will take for the
thermocouple to read 99 percent of the initial temperature difference.

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Transient Conduction
Example 3-2 (Yunus, Afshin)

An ordinary egg can be approximated as a 5-cm-diameter sphere (See

Figure). The egg is initially at a uniform temperature of 5C and is
dropped into boiling water at 95C. Taking the convection heat
transfer coefficient to be h=1200 W/m2K, determine how long it will
take for the center of the egg to reach 70C.

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Steel Ball Cooling in Air

Example 3-3 (Holman)

A steel ball [c = 0.46 kJ/kg.C, k = 35 W/mC] 5.0 cm in diameter

and initially at a uniform temperature of 450C is suddenly placed in a
controlled environment in which the temperature is maintained at
100C. The convection heat-transfer coefcient is 10 W/m2.C.
Calculate the time required for the ball to attain a temperature of
150C.
T= 450 C
= 5 cm
T0= 450 C

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Heat Removal from semi-infinite solid

Example 3-4 (Holman)
A large slab of aluminum at a uniform temperature of 200C suddenly
has its surface temperature lowered to 70C. What is the total heat
removed from the slab per unit surface area when the temperature at a
depth 4.0 cm has dropped to 120C?

T0 = 70 C
Ti = 200
C

x= 4 cm
T(x, ) =120 C

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Sudden Exposure of Semi-Innite Slab to Convection

Example 3-5 (Holman)

The slab of aluminium is suddenly exposed to a convection-surface

environment of 70 C with a heat-transfer coefcient of 525 W/m2.C.
Calculate the time required for the temperature to reach 120C at the
depth of 4.0 cm for this circumstance.

T0 = 70 C
Ti = 200
C

x= 4 cm
T(x, ) =120 C

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Aluminum Plate Suddenly Exposed to Convection

Example 3-6 (Holman)

A large plate of aluminum 5.0 cm thick and initially at 200C is

suddenly exposed to the convection environment of Example 3-5.
Calculate the temperature at a depth of 1.25 cm from one of the faces
1 min after the plate has been exposed to the environment. How
much energy has been removed per unit area from the plate in this
time?

T0 = 70 C
Ti = 200
C
x= 5 cm
x= 1.25 cm; = 1 min

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Transient Conduction
Example 3-7 (Yunus, Afshin)

In a production facility, large brass plates of 4-cm thickness that are

initially at a uniform temperature of 20C are heated by passing them
through an oven that is maintained at 500C (See the Figure below).
The plates remain in the oven for a period of 7 min. Taking the
combined convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient to be
h=120 W/m2K, determine the surface temperature of the plates when
they come out of the oven.

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Transient Conduction
Example 3-8 (Yunus, Afshin)

A long 20-cm-diameter cylindrical shaft made of stainless steel 304

comes out of an oven at a uniform temperature of 600C (See Fig below).
The shaft is then allowed to cool slowly in an environment chamber at
200C with an average heat transfer coefficient of h = 80 W/m2K.
Determine the temperature at the center of the shaft 45 min after the
start of the cooling process. Also, determine the heat transfer per unit
length of the shaft during this time period.

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