DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES

OF
GUJARAT STATE
AS ON MARCH 2013

H N Tiwari, Scientist-D/B. Mohapatra, ScientistC

Central Ground Water Board

Location : Gujarat State

Total Area :
1,96,000 sq.
km
2006 to 2442 N Lat
&
6810 to 7428 E
Long.

Districts - 26
Talukas - 225
Important
Cities
Ahmedaba
d
Vadodara
Surat
Rajkot

Climate : Gujarat State

Climate Region
Humid
Sub-humid
Semi-arid to Arid

: South Gujarat
: Central Part of Gujarat
: North Gujarat
Saurashtra & Kachchh

Rainfall
South west monsoon is the only wet Season
Rainfall varies from 2000mm in south to
about 300mm in Kachchh
Rainfall is erratic in north Gujarat,
Saurashtra and Kachchh
Droughts are frequent

RAINFALL MAP OF GUJARAT

Ground Water Resources of

Gujarat State 2013
Water resources plays a vital role in the
development of any place.

More than 60% of irrigation, the largest

consumer of water, comes from ground
water and it also provides over 80% of
rural drinking water.

Consequently

the dependence on
groundwater
resources
and
its
sustainability has emerged as a key
area of concern.

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013

Realistic estimation of groundwater

resource
forms the fundamental basis for its
sustainable management and lays the
basic
foundation for future developmental
planning.

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013

The assessment of ground water resources involves a

relatively
complex process of computation after duly
considering the various factor related to inflow and outflow of
this natural resources

Earlier the ground water resources for the state was

estimated based on GEC-1984 norms and guidelines.

Subsequently a committee was formed in 1997 to

update ground water resources based on revised
Methodology (Ground
Water Resources Estimation
Committee, 1997 GEC 1997)

Based on the GEC-1997 norms.

Wherein it was
envisaged that the Ground water through rainfall recharge
during monsoon to be computed considering the following;

1. Rainfall infiltration factor method

2. Water level fluctuation method

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013

Norms for RIF

S.N
o

Rock Formation

Recomme
nded

Mini

Maxi

11%

10%

12%

Weathered Granite.
Gneiss and Schist with
low clay content

Weathered Granite.
Gneiss and Schist with
significant clay content

8%

5%

9%

Rocks belong to
Granulite Facies like
Chornockite

5%

4%

6%

Vesicular and Jointed

Basalt

13%

12%

14%

Weathered basalt

7%

6%

8%

Laterite

7%

6%

8%

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013

Norms for RIF

S.
No

Rock Formation

Recom
mende
d

Mini

Maxi

12%

10%

14%

Semi-Consolidated
Sandstone

Cosolidated
Sandstone,
Quartzite,Limestone
(except cavernous
Limestone)

6%

5%

7%

Phyllites & Shales

4%

3%

5%

1%

1%

3%

10 Massive Poorly
Fractured Rock

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
NORMS FOR RIF
Usually, the recommended values were used

for assessment, but minimum, maximum

and
greater values were considered based on
the
field values.
An additional 2% of rainfall recharge factor has

been considered where in such areas or

part of
the areas where watershed development
with

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall
Water Table Fluctuation Method

D S=h * SY * A
Where

DS = Change in storage
h = Rise in water level in the
monsoon season
SY = Specified yield
A = Area of sub unit

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table
Fluctuation Method
NORMS FOR Specific yield (Sy)
S.No

Formation

Recommende
d

Minimum Maximum

Sandy
Alluvium

16%

12%

20%

Silty
Alluvium

10%

8%

12%

Clayey
Alluvium

6%

4%

8%

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table
Fluctuation Method
Norms For Sy
S.N
o

Rock Formation

Recommende
d

Minimu
m

Maximum

Weathered Granite.
Gneiss and Schist with
low clay content

3%

2%

4%

Weathered Granite.
Gneiss and Schist with
significant clay
content

1.5%

1%

2%

Weathered or
Vesicular or Jointed
Basalt

2%

1%

3%

Laterite

2.5%

2%

3%

Sandstone

3%

1%

5%

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table Fluctuation Method

Norms For Sy
S.No

Rock Formation

Recommended

Minimu
m

Maximu
m

Quartzite

1.5%

1%

2%

Limestone

2%

1%

3%

Karstified Limestone

8%

5%

13%

Phyllites & Shales

1.5%

1%

2%

Massive Poorly
Fractured Rock

0.3%

0.2%

0.5%

10

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table
Fluctuation Method
NORMS FOR SPECIFIC YEILD (Sy)

In most of the litho units, the

recommended values have been
used and where ever the values
were otherwise as per the field
studies, those values have been
considered.

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Recharge Due To Rainfall Water Table
Fluctuation Method
S= h * SY * A = RRF+RC+RSW+RGW+RT+RWCS-DG
Where
S= Change in storage
h = Rise in water level during monsoon season
SY= Specific yield in the zone of fluctuation
A=Area of the sub unit
RRF = Recharge due to Rainfall
RC = Recharge due to Canals
RSW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation
RGW=Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation
RT=Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds
RWCS=Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures
DG=Gross Ground Water Draft

(
w
t
f
m
)

(
r
i
f
m
)
R
R
P
D

1
0
(r
ifm
)
R

R
fR
R
f
f

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall
Water Table Fluctuation Method
PERCENT DIFFERENCE

Where

PD

= Percent Difference

RRf(wtfm) = Rainfall Recharge for normal monsoon season

rainfall estimated using Water Table
Fluctuation Method

RRf(rifm) = Rainfall Recharge for normal monsoon season

rainfall estimated using Rainfall Infiltration

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Estimation Of Recharge Due To Rainfall
Water Table Fluctuation Method
PERCENT DIFFERENCE

The rainfall recharge for Normal Monsoon

Season Rainfall is finally adopted as per the
following criteria.
If -20% < PD < +20%

Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(wtfm)

If PD < -20%

Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(rifm)* 0.8

If PD > +20%

Final Rainfall Recharge = RRf(rifm)* 1.2

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Total Ground Water Recharge
TGWR = RRf + RC + RSW + RGW + RT + RWCS
Where
TGWR = Total Ground Water Recharge
RRF = Recharge due to Rainfall
RC = Recharge due to Canals
RSW =Recharge due to Surface Water Irrigation
RGW=Recharge due to Ground Water Irrigation
RT= Recharge due to Tanks & Ponds
RWCS=Recharge due to Water Conservation Structures

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Net Annual Ground Water Availability
NAGWA = TAGWR ND
Where
NAGWA = Net Annual Ground Water Availability
TAGWR = Total Annual Ground Water Recharge
ND = Natural Discharges
(5% - 10% of Total Annual Ground Water Recharge)

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Ground Water Level Trend

GEC-1997 has recommended to

categorize the assessment sub unit
based on the stage of ground water
development and the long term
ground water level trend.

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Categorization Of The Sub-Unit (GEC 1997)
Stage Of Ground Water
Development (%)

Ground Water Level trend

Category

<=70

Either Pre-monsoon or Post

Monsoon Water levels does
not show a Falling Trend

Safe

70-90

Both the trends during Pre and

Post Monsoon Seasons do not
show a Falling Trend

Safe

70-90

Either Pre-monsoon or Post

Monsoon Water levels Shows a
Falling Trend

Semi-critical

>90

Either Pre-monsoon or Post

Monsoon Water levels Shows a
Falling Trend

Critical

<100

Both the trends during Pre and

Post Monsoon Seasons show a
Falling Trend

Critical

>100

Both the trends during Pre and

Post Monsoon Seasons show a
Falling Trend

Over Exploited

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Categorization Of The Sub-Unit (GEC 2004)
Stage

Declining PreMonsoon Trend

Declining PostMonsoon Trend

Category

<=70%

No

No

Safe

<=70%

No

Yes

To Be Reassessed

<=70%

Yes

No

To Be Reassessed

<=70%

Yes

Yes

To Be Reassessed

>70% and <=90%

No

No

Safe

>70% and <=90%

No

Yes

Semi-Critical

>70% and <=90%

Yes

No

Semi-Critical

>70% and <=90%

Yes

Yes

To Be Reassessed

>90% and <=100%

No

No

To Be Reassessed

>90% and <=100%

No

Yes

Semi-Critical

>90% and <=100%

Yes

No

Semi-Critical

>90% and <=100%

Yes

Yes

Critical

>100%

No

No

To Be Reassessed

>100%

No

Yes

Over-Exploited

>100%

Yes

No

Over-Exploited

>100%

Yes

Yes

Over-Exploited

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Ground Water Resources of Gujarat
In MCM
State
1.

Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources

2.

Natural Discharge During non-monsoon Season

3.

Net Annual Ground Water Availability

19646

4.

Annual Ground Water Draft

13359

5.

Projected Demand for Domestic And

Industrial Use up to 2025

1449

6.

Ground Water Availability for Future Irrigation

6705

7.

Stage of Ground Water Development (%)

District
s

OE- 04 Critical-Nil Semi Critical-04 Safe- 18

Taluka
s

OE- 23

Critical-06 Semi Critical-9

Saline-10

Safe-175

20705
1059

68
26
223

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS-2013

LEGEND

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State
2013
CATEGORIZATION OF
ASSESSMENT
UNITS (TALUKAS)
District

Over
Exploited

Critical

Semi-Critical

Safe

Saline

Ahmedabad

1 City-Dascroi
2 Dholka

1 Detroj-Rampura
2 Virmagam

1
2
3
4
5

Barvala
Bavla
Mandal
Ranpur
Sanand

Amreli

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Amreli

Babra
Bagasra
Dhari
Jafrabad
Khamba
Kukavav
Lathi
Liliya
Rajula
Savarkundla

Anand

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Anand
Anklav
Borsad
Cambay
Petlad
Sojitra
Tarapur
Umreth

Dhanduka

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State
2013
CATEGORIZATION OF
ASSESSMENT
UNITS (TALUKAS)
District

Banaskanth 1
a
2
3
4
5
6

Over
Exploited
Deesa
Deodar
Dhanera
Kankrej
Tharad
Vadgam

Bharuch

Bhavnagar

Critical

Semi-Critical

Safe

Saline

3 Palanpur

25 Amirgarh
26 Dantiwada
27 Danta

Bhabar
Vav

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

Amod
Ankleswar
Bharuch
Jhagadia
Jambusar
Hansot
Valia
Vagra

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46

Bhavnagar
Botad
Gadhda
Gariyadhar
Ghogha
Mahuva
Palitana
Sinor
Talaja
Umrala
Ballavipur

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State
2013
CATEGORIZATION OF
ASSESSMENT
UNITS (TALUKAS)
District
Dangs

Over
Exploited

Critical

Semi-Critical

47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54

Dahegam

Gandhinagar
Kalol
Mansa

55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

Dohad

Gandhinagar 7
8
9
1
0
Jamnagar

Safe

Saline

Ahwa

Devgarhbar
ia
Dhanour
Dohad
Fatepur
Garbada
Limkheda
Zalod

Bhanvad

Dhrol
Jodiya
Jamnagar
Kalyanpur
Khambalia
Kalawad
Jamjodhpur
Lalpur
Okhamand
al

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State
2013
CATEGORIZATION OF
ASSESSMENT
UNITS (TALUKAS)
District

Over
Exploited

Critical

Junagadh

Kachchh

11
12

Bhachau
Mandvi

4 Anjar
5 Bhuj

3 Nakhatrana

Kheda

Semi-Critical

Safe

Saline

65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78

Bhesan
Junagadh
Keshod
Kodinar
Maliya
Manavadar
Mangrol
Mendarda
Sutrapada
Talala
Una
Vanthli
Veraval
Visavadar

79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92

Abdasa
Lakhpat
Mundra
Rapar
Balasinor
Kapadvanj
Kathlal
Kheda
Mahemdabad
Mahudha
Matar
Nadiad
Thasra
Virpur

Gandhidham

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS (TALUKAS)

District

Mahesana

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Over
Exploited

Critical

Semi-Critical

Bechraji
Kadi
Kheralu
Mahesana
Satlasna
Visnagar
Unjha
Vijapur

Vadnagar

93
94
95
96

Nandod
Dediapada
Sagbara
Tilakwada

97
98
99
10
0
10
1

Chikhli
Gandevi
Navsari
Jalalpur
Wansada

Narmada

Navsari

Safe

Saline

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS (TALUKAS)

District

Over
Exploited

Critical

Semi-Critical

Safe

Saline

Panchmaha
ls

10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
11
0
11
1
11
2

Ghoghamba
Godhra
Halol
Jambhugoda
Kadana
Kalol
Khanpur
Lunawada
Morva-Hadaf
Santrampur
Shehra

Patan

21
22

Chanasma
Patan

Harij
Sami

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS (TALUKAS)
District
Rajkot

Over
Exploited

Critical

SemiCritical

11
5
11
6
11
7
11
8
11
9
12
0
12
1
12
2
12
3
12
4
12
5
12
6
12

Safe

Saline

Dhoraji
Maliya
Gondal
Jamkondarn
a
Jasdan
Jetpur
Kotda sangni
Lodhika
Morbi
Paddhari
Rajkot
Tankara
Upleta
Wankaner

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS (TALUKAS)
District

Over
Exploited

137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145

Bardoli
Choryasi
Kamraj
Mahuva
Mandvi
Mangrol
Olpad
Palsana
Umarpada

Surendranaga
r

146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154

Chotila
Chuda
Dasada
Dhrgandhra
Halvad
Limdi
Muli
Sayla
Wadhwan

Lakhtar

Tapi

155
156
157
158
159

Nizar
Songadh
Uchhal
Valod
Vyara

Surat

Critical

Semi-Critical

Safe

Saline

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS (TALUKAS)

District

Vadodara

Over
Exploited

Valsad

Critical

SemiCritical
9 Vadodara

Safe

Saline

16
0
16
1
16
2
16
3
16
4
16
5
16
6
16
7
16
8
16
9
17
0

Sinor
Padra
Savli
Jertpur-pavi
Karjan
Chhota
Udeipur
Dabhoi
Sankheda
Waghodiya
Naswadi

17
1

Dharampur
Kaprada

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
COMPARISION OF GW AVAILABILITY AND DRAFT

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
STAGE OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
CATEGORIZATION OF ASSESSMENT UNITS (TALUKAS)

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
Comparison of Ground Water Resource Estimation
Sr
No.

Attributes

Year of Computation
2011

2013

Total Annual Ground Water

Recharge (ham/year)

1856855

2070494

Net Annual Ground Water

Availability (ham/year)

1758539

1964588

Existing Gross Ground Water

Draft for All Uses (ham/year)

1185508

1335859

Allocation for Domestic and

Industrial requirement
(ham/year)

Stage of Ground Water

Development (%)

Total No of Talukas

No of Over Exploited Talukas

147637

67.41

144861

68

223

223

24

23

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
RECOMMENDATIONS

Though there is an increase in the net ground water recharge component

but there is no significant change in the number of OE and Critical
talukas as there is substantial increase in the draft component. However
to overcome the situation of increase in overexploited, critical and saline
areas in future, regulation of groundwater abstraction is necessary.
Utilization of ground water resources should be reduced by adopting
water efficient micro irrigation practices like drip / sprinkler by giving
liberal subsidies to the farmers.
Deep confined aquifers also required to be recharged by constructing
recharge tube wells along canals/spreading channels/tanks in order to
control further depletion of water table particularly in water scarce North
Gujarat and Kachchh region.

Existing ponds/tanks should be linked for storage of excess flood-water

in de-saturated aquifer through appropriate techniques in over exploited,
Critical and Semi-Critical talukas.

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013
RECOMMENDATIONS

In the overexploited and critical talukas, construction of either well or

tube well is being permitted only after approving appropriate well design
for better utilization of ground water resources.

Proper policies for mining of minerals or rocks particularly in coastal

areas may be formulated to protect ground water resources.
To study the periodical change in ground water table as well as quality
and precise assessment of ground water resources, more monitoring
stations with close net-work should be established in the coastal area.

Research & Development works may be taken up for refinement of

various hydrological parameters like specific yield, infiltration rate,
seepage losses from canal, return seepage from irrigation through
ground as well as surface water, unit draft for different types of ground
water abstraction structures.

Ground Water Resources of Gujarat

State 2013