EARLY EMBRYONIC

DEVELOPMENT
AN OVERVIEW
Assoc Prof dr. HAMIADJI T.

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
Germ layer Stage (1-3)

Foetal Stage (9-38)

Folding & Flexion Stage (4-8)

2 WKS
WKS

13

4 - 8

9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------38

Last Menstrual Date

Birth

Embryonic Period (1-8)

OVULATION AGE

Foetal Period (9-38)

=

266 DAYS

38 WEEKS

280 DAYS

40 WEEKS

9MONTH

CONCEPTIONAL AGE
MENSTRUAL AGE
MONTH

10

GESTATIONAL AGE

Expected Date of Delivery: Last Menstrual date + 7 Days (minus) 3 Month

Foetal period

Embryonic period

Prenatal Death

Major Abnormalities

Minor Abnormalities
(functional)

FIRST WEEK
OF DEVELOPMENT

B
C
D

G
IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES
INDICATED: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G

Fertilization results in:

1. Restoration of the Diploid
number of chromosomes.
2. Species variation.
3. Sex determination.
4. Initiation of Cleavage!!!

FERTILIZATION
A
Female
pronucleus
ready to form
zygote.

One spermatozoon
penetrates zona
pellucida Male
pronucleus
D
B
C

IDENTIFY: A, B,C,D, and E

Capacitation of
Spermatozoon by seminal
fluid -- mobile -- capable to
fertilize.
During ovulation -- Oocyte
meiosis not yet completed.

Acrosomal cap hyaluronidase

-- separate follicle cells
surrouding oocyte (ovum).
Need many sperms.
Oocyte activation -- meiosis
completed.

Inner cell
mass
(embryo)

Trophoblast
(placenta)

NOTE
Fertilization results in:
1. Restoration of the Diploid number of
chromosomes.
2. Species variation.
3. Sex determination.
4. Initiation of Cleavage!!!

Grandchildren are the crown of

the aged, and the glory of sons is
their fathers.

SECOND WEEK
OF DEVELOPMENT

Syncytio Troph.

Ectoderm

Cytotrophoblast
Endoderm

Chorion

CHORION

Chorion = Syncitiotroph. + Cytotroph. + Extraembryonic mesoderm

Chorion Frondosum
Amnion

Connecting stalk

Yolk sac

Implantation

Chorion levae

Decidua
capsularis

THIRD WEEK
OF DEVELOPMENT

Formation of intra-embryonic
Mesoderm
(Primitive streak primitive pit
Infiltration of mesoderm)

NOTE
By the end of the 3rd week = The First Missed
Menstrual Period .
Pregnancy test (+) caused by the increase in
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
concentration in the urine!!!
The 3rd week is characterized by
fast development of the
Embryonic Disc!!
-Primitive streak
-Notochord
-Allantois
-Trilaminar embryonic disc

THE CONCEPTUS
IDENTIFY:
Embryo
Amnion
Yolk sac
Chorion
Allantois
Connecting stalk
Chorion frondosum
Chorion leavae
Umbilical cord
Decidua basalis
Decisua capsularis
Decidua parietalis

IDENTIFY STRUCTURES FROM THE

CONCEPTUS (RED) & MOTHER (BLUE)

IDENTIFY:

CONNECTING
STALK

Embryo
Amnion
Yolk sac
Chorion

AMNION

CHORION
FRONDOSUM

Allantois
Connecting stalk

YOLK SAC

Chorion frondosum
Chorion leavae
Umbilical cord

AMNIOTIC
CAVITY

Decidua basalis
Decisua capsularis
Decidua parietalis

UMBILICAL
CORD

YOLK SAC

YOLK
REMNENT

THE PLACENTATION
Decidua capsularis &
Chorion leavae
Decidua parietalis

Decidua parietalis
(vera)
Chorion

Amnion

THE PLACENTATION

B
A

D
E

A = amnion
B = chorion
C = decidua parietalis
D = yolksac
E = chorion frondosum
F = amnion cavity

THE FOETAL MEMBRANES

D

C
F

THE FORMATION OF
FOETAL MEMBRANES:
MEMBRANES
1. Amnion
2. Yolk sac
3. Allantois
4. Chorion

G
A

Chorion = Extra embryonic

mesoderm + Trophoblast
Chorion frondosum, Chorion
leavae, Decidua Basalis,
Decidua capsularis, Decidua
parietalis

Decidua = Pregnant
A = chorion; B = amnion; C = umbilical cord;
D = intervillous space;
endometrium
E = spiral artery; F = chorionic plate; G= amnion membrane

THE FOLDING & FLEXION STAGE

(4 8 WEEKS)

THE FORMATION OF
3-D EMBRYO

Week 4 8; Folding & Flexion Stage

THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD

(Week 4 8; Folding & Flexion Stage)
The transformation of the
embryonic disk to a 3D embryo
This results in incorporation of
part of the yolk sac
gastrointestinal tract
connection remain as the
vitelline duct
The embryonic stalk (with the
allantois) and vitelline duct will
merge umbilical cord
Part of the mesoderm becomes
the extraembryonic mesoderm
together with the trophoblast
= the chorion

Umbilical cord

GI tract

THE Foetal period

(Week 9 38)

THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ORGAN SYSTEMS

FOETAL PERIOD
(Week 9 38)

DEVELOPMENT OF ORGAN SYSTEMS

The Central Nervous System
6th week
The Heart
61/2 week
Upper and Lower Limbs
8th week
The Eyes
81/2 week
The Teeth
9th week
The Ears
91/2 week
The External Genitals
10th week

THE FOETAL PERIOD INCLUDE

THE SPECIAL EMBRYOLOGY

20 weeks old

FOETAL PERIOD
(Week 9 38)

DEVELOPMENT OF ORGAN SYSTEMS

The Central Nervous System
6th week
The Heart
61/2 week
Upper and Lower Limbs
8th week
The Eyes
81/2 week
The Teeth
9th week
The Ears
91/2 week
The External Genitals
10th week

20 weeks old

POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT
THE GROWTH PERIODS
Toddler
Infant
1 mo 1 yr

Newborn

Schooling Period
Preschool

13 yrs

4-6 yrs

Puberty
7 yrs ----------- 12 yrs 13 20 yrs

Childhood

NEWBORN recently born - < 1 mo

INFANT --- child under 1 year of age
CHILDHOOD --- between 1 to 12 yrs
ELDERLY --- more than 65 yrs of age

Adult
21 yrs --- - - - 65 yrs

Adolescent Adulthood Elderly

PUBERTY --- period during which the
secondary sex characteristics begin to
develop and the capability of sexual
reproduction is attained
ADOLESCENCE --- period of life with
the appearance of secondary sex
characters terminating with the cessation
of somatic growth

POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT
THE GROWTH PERIODS
Toddler
Infant
1 mo 1 yr

Newborn

Schooling Period
Preschool

13 yrs

4-6 yrs

Puberty
7 yrs ----------- 12 yrs 13 20 yrs

Childhood

NEWBORN recently born - < 1 mo

INFANT --- child under 1 year of age
CHILDHOOD --- between 1 to 12 yrs
ELDERLY --- more than 65 yrs of age

Adult
21 yrs --- - - - 65 yrs

Adolescent Adulthood Elderly

PUBERTY --- period during which the
secondary sex characteristics begin to
develop and the capability of sexual
reproduction is attained
ADOLESCENCE --- period of life with
the appearance of secondary sex
characters terminating with the cessation
of somatic growth

INTRODUCTION
The 3 germ layers:
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
- endoderm

Derivatives of the
ectoderm :
-Nervous tissue
-Epidermis
Derivatives of the
mesoderm :
-Skeleton
-Connective tissue
-Circulatory system
-Urogenital system
Derivatives of the endoderm
:
-Digestive glands
-Digestive epithelium
-Respiratory epithelium

THANK YOU
FOR YOUR PATIENCE