This paper has distinguished between technical

and epistemological distinctions.

While the exact constitutions of two
methodologies varies somewhat author to
author.
Due to philosophical and technical issues to be
treated simultaneously.
Philosophical issues are epistemology
technical issues are method of research.
Philosophical issues gives guide to technical
issues.

Quantitative research tradition.

Quantitative methodology is
routinely depicted as an approach to
the conduct of social research which
applies natural science.
Characteristics of positivism are
operational definition, objectivity,
reliability, causality and like that.

Qualitative methodology
Qualitative research is much more flexible
fluid and flexible. It emphasize discovering
novel or unanticipated findings and
possibilities of altering research.
Qualitative methodology are typically
attributed to phenomenology, and
symbolical interactionisim.
Qualitative researchers produce data which
they often call rich , with a great deal of
depth.

 It has been distinguished above the

quan/aquali distinctions has become
one which in large part derives form
epistemological issues and methods
are accordingly.
It suggest one technique can never
be superior than other. It could be
more suitable into certain situation.

 Methods
Research methods are the tools,
techniques or processes that we use
in our research. These might be, for
example, surveys, interviews,
Photovoice, or participant
observation. Methods and how they
are used are shaped by methodology

 Methodology
Methodology is the study of how
research is done, how we find out
about things, and how knowledge is
gained. In other words, methodology
is about the principles that guide our
research practices. Methodology
therefore explains why were using
certain methods or tools in our
research.

 On of the argument that is often

preferred in support of qualitative
methodology is that its associated
techniques are more sensitive to the
complexities of social phenomena
than quantitative methods which
tend to ride roughshod over their
enigmatic quality.

 The quest for directly observable

quantitative indicators which are
imposed upon an unsuspecting social
reality neither captures the
underlying phenomena in their full
complexity nor facilitates an
understanding of their contextual
significance

Conclusion of the study

Both qualitative and quantitative research are
best thought of as complementary and should
therefore be mixed in research of many kinds.
The mixed methodology is technical issue.
When social survey is linked to some un
structured questioning or participation
observation. This enables researchers to
check the possible eccentricities of a
particular techniques in order to discern
whether any inherent bias is present.

What is research theory behind the

paper?