Working of UWB

In UWB, the serial data is translated into

very short pulses of a unique shape, then
applied directly to an antenna
Fourier fans know that very short pulses,
regardless of their specific shape, produce
an extremely wide bandwidth signal.
One definition of UWB is that the signal has
a bandwidth of at least 25% of the center
pulse frequency, or 1.5 GHz, whichever is
larger.

 UWB use time shifting

mechanism to transmit
binary data at million
pulses per second.
Here zero is transmitted
at short time intervals
and one is transmitted
at long time intervals.
At the receiver time
interval between pulses
define whether one or
zero has been received

Comparison of several conventional

spectrum uses to UWB

UWB Pulse
A UWB signal starts
as a high-speed
rectangular pulse
train that is shaped
into unique pulses
called monocycles
These aren't one
cycle
of
a
sinewave,
but
instead
pulses
derived
with
a
Gaussian filter.

The pulse width sets the

center frequency of the
signal
bandwidth.
This
center
frequency
fCis
roughly the reciprocal of
the pulse width 1/tW. A
200-pS pulse will produce
a center frequency of
1/200 * 1012= 5 GHz.

The general rule of thumb for

a 3-dB bandwidth is 1.16
times the center frequency, or
in this example, 5.8 GHz.

 This technique spreads the signal so that

it overlays any other signals in its
bandwidth. But the key to the technique is
its very low power level, which makes it
appear as noise to most other narrowband
or spread-spectrum equipment.
The low power level also severely limits
the range of the signal to the general
vicinity of the transmitter.

 To transmit data from one

point to another, you must
modulate the pulses. UWB has
two common types of data
modulation:
pulse-position
modulation (PPM) and binary
phase-shift keying (BPSK)
Biphase is the easiest to
implement and gives the best
spectral
efficiency.
On-off
keying
(OOK)
and
pulse
amplitude modulation (PAM),
which are simpler for many
applications, can be used as
well

Modulation Techniques
UWB uses various
modulation schemes
based on application
need. There are time
based techniques and
shape based techniques.
Pulse position
modulation(PPM) is used
as time based
modulation. PPM is
simple technique but
need fine time resolution
in receiver.

BPM(Bi-phase modulation),
OOK(On-Off Keying),
PAM(Pulse Amplitude
modulation), OPM(Orthogonal
Pulse Modulation) etc. are
used as shaped based
modulation techniques.
PAM and OOK are also simple
binary only techniques but
they have poor noise
immunity
OPM is complex but it carry
advantage of being
orthogonal.