Hydraulic system

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Pneumatic system

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Comparisons of hydraulic and pneumatic systems

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ISO symbols

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Pascals Law
Pressure in an enclosed fluid can be
considered uniform throughout a
practical system. There may be small
differences

arising

from

head

pressures at different heights, but

these will generally be negligible
compared with the system operating
pressure. This equality of pressure is
known as Pascal's law.
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Relationship between absolute

and gauge pressures

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Units of pressure

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Bourdon tube gauge construction

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Relationship between flow and

pressure

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Hydraulic Pump

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Types of Pump

Hydrodynamic pump

positive displacement pump

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Gear pump

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Lobe pump

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Further forms of gear pump

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vane pump

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vane pump

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Variable displacement vane

pump

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Radial piston pump

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Axial pump with swash plate

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FILTERS
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Filter
Filters are used to prevent dirt entering the
parts of the system.
Dirt

in

sticking

the

hydraulic

valves.

failure

system
of

causes

seals

and

premature wear
Even particle of dirt as small as 20 can
damage the system
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Filter Position

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Types of Filter

Full flow filter

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Proportional flow filter

Circulating pump for Filter

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Air Compressor

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Components

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Component parts of a
pneumatic system

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Compressor types
Single cylinder compressor

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 Double-acting compressor

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 Two-stage compressor

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 Dry screw rotary compressor

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Rotary compressors
Vane compressor

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 Lobe compressor

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Non-positive displacement
compressors (Blowers)

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Air receivers and

compressor control

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Three stages of air

treatment

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Circuit diagram and pneumatic elements

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Air Filter and water trap

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Refrigerated dryer

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Deliquescent dryer

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Adsorption dryer

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Accumulator

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Lubricator

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Three types of pressure

regulator

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Relief valves

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Non-relieving pressure
regulator

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Relieving pressure regulator

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Check valve

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Check valve applications

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Restriction check valve

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Logic valves
OR valve
AND valve

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OR Valve (Shuttle valve)

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OR Valve (Shuttle valve)

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AND valve

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Y A.B A.B

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Y A.B A.C B.C

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Different types of pressure

control valves

pressure relief valve

pressure sequence valve
pressure limiting valve

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Relief valves

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Sequence valve

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Pressure limiting valve

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Properties of Hydraulic fluid

lubrication
sealant
cooling
viscosity
corrosion prevention

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Speed Control

Speed control by pump volume

Meter-in speed control
Meter-out speed control
Bleed-off speed control

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Speed control by pump

volume

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Meter-in circuit

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Meter-Out circuit

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Bleed-off speed control

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Speed control of Pneumatic

cylinder

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Flow control valves

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Circuit diagram and pneumatic elements

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Accumulators

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accumulator circuit

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Linked cylinders with

unbalanced load

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Regeneration circuit

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Counterbalance circuit

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Braking a high inertia load

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Pilot-operated check valve

used to hold an over- hauling
load

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Closed Loop system

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