Energy Conventional and non Conventional

Palembang, March 31th, 2016

By: Imaniah Sriwijayasih,

S.S.T, M.T

Worked Example
3. A pipeline system is used for distributing
steam in a factory. The total length of the
pipeline is 80 (m) with the thickness of 3
mm and the inside diameter of 74 (mm).
Thermal conductivities of the pipe are 52
(W/m.C) at 200 C and 50 (W/m.C) at 300
C. The pipe is covered with an insulation
having thermal conductivity of 0.2184
(W/m.C). The temperature at inner surface

The convection heat transfer

coefficient between insulation
and room air is 5.20 (W/m2.C)
and the convection heat transfer
coefficient between steam and
inside surface of the pipe is 10.5
(W/m2.C). With consideration of
thermal conductivity of the pipe
at inside surface temperature,
determine:
a). Heat
flow
rate
if
the

b). Heat flow rate of the naked pipe if the

convection heat transfer coefficient
between outside surface of the pipe and
the room air is the same as convection
heat
transfer
coefficient
between
outside surface of the insulation and
the room air.
c). The temperature at outer surface of
the pipe at point a).
d). Insulation
thickness
needed
to
decrease heat loss as much as 20 %
from the heat loss without insulation.

e. Heat energy released by steam in 1.5

hours at point a). and point d).
Solution:
Pipe length, L = 80 (m)
Pipe thickness, t = 3 (mm) = 0.003 (m)
Room temperature, Tr = 86F = (8632)/1.8 = 30 C
Temperature at inside surface of pipe, Tp,i
= 260 C
Convection heat transfer coefficient
between the insulation and the room air,
ho = 5.2 (W/m2.C)

The inside diameter of the pipe, dp,i = 74 (mm)

The inside radius of the pipe, rp,i = 37 (mm) =
0.037 (m)
The outside radius of the pipe, rp,o = 40 (mm) =
0.040 (m)
At 200 C: thermal conductivity of the pipe, kp
=52 (W/m.C)
At 300 C: thermal conductivity of the pipe, kp
260 200
=50
(W/m.C)
kp(260C) 52
(50 52) 50.8 (W/m.C)
300 200
By interpolation, thermal conductivity of the

ki
rc
Critical radius of insulation,
ho
where :
ki = thermal conductivity of insulation =
0.2184 (W/m.C)
ho = 5.2 (W/m2.C)
0.2184
rc
0.042 (m)
5.2
Therefore:
a). Heat flow rate if the insulation thickness is
equal to critical
2 L insulation
(Tp,i - Tr ) thickness:
Qc
ln(rp,o /rp,i ) ln(rc /rp,o )
1

kp
ki
rc x h o

2 x 3.14 x 80 (260 - 30)

Qc
ln(0.040/0.037) ln(0.042/0.040)
1

50.8
0.2184
0.042 x 5.20

a). Qc = 24054.85 (W)

b). Heat flow rate of the naked pipe
(Qnaked):
2 L (Tp,i - Tr )
Q naked

ln(rp,o /rp,i )
kp

rp,o x h o

2 x 3.14 x 80 (260 - 30)

Q naked
ln(0.040/0.037)
1

50.8
0.040 x 5.20

b). Qnaked = 24,027.15 (W)

c).Determination of the temperature at
outer surface of the pipe at point a).
2 L (Tp,i - Tp,o )
Qa).
ln(rp,o /rp,i )
kp

2 x 3.14 x 80 x (Tp,i - Tp,o )

24054.85
ln(rp,o /rp,i )
kp

2 x 3.14 x 80 x (Tp,i - Tp,o )

24054.85
ln(rp,o /rp,i )
kp

Tp,o = 259.9 C
c). The temperature at outer
surface of the pipe at point a).
is, Tp,o = 259.9 C
d). Determination of insulation
thickness needed to decrease
heat loss as much as 20 % from
the heat loss without insulation.

Q0.8naked = 0.8 x Qnaked = 0.8 x 24027.15 =

19221.72 (W)
2 L (Tp,i - Tr )
Q0.8Qnaked
ln(rp,o /rp,i ) ln(rx /rp,o )
1

kp
ki
rx . h o
2 x 3.14 x 80 x (260 - 30)
19221.72
ln(0.040/0.037) ln(rx /0.040)
1

50.8
0.2184
rx . 5.20
115552
19221.72
ln(rx /0.040)
1
0.001534676

0.2184
5.20 rx

ln(rx /0.040)
1

6.009998111
0.2184
5.20 rx
ln(rx /0.040)
1

6.009998111
0.2184
5.20 rx
rx 0.042
1.312583587 X

rx
0.040

ln

For: rx = 0.080
rx = 0.098

X = 1.218147181
X = 1.324659453

1.312583587 - 1.218147181
rx 0.080
(0.098 0.080)
1.324659453 - 1.218147181

rx = 0.0960 (m)
Insulation thickness, ti = 0.0960 0.040 =
0.056 (m)
d). The insulation thickness needed, ti = 56.0
(mm)
e). Determination of Heat energy released by
steam in 1.5 hours at point a). and point
d).
Heat energy released by steam in 1.5 hours
at point a).:
Qa) in 1.5 h = 24054.85 (J/s) x 1.5 x 3600 (s) =
129896190 (J).

HOMEWORK
Problem:
1 Steam at Th = 572 F flows in a cast iron pipe (k = 80 W/m.C) whose
inner and outer diameters are D1 = 60 mm and D2 = 66 mm,
respectively. The pipe is covered with 35-mm thick glass wool insulation
with k = 0.05 W/m.C. Heat is lost to the surroundings at T c = 77 F by
natural convection and radiation, with a combined heat transfer
coefficient of hc = 16 W/m2.C. Taking the heat transfer coefficient inside
the pipe to be hh = 60 W/m2.C. Determine:
a. The rate of heat loss from the steam for the pipe length of 10 m.
b. The temperature drops across the pipe shell and the insulation in
degree C.
c. The temperatures at inner and outer surfaces of the pipe in degree
C.
d. The temperatures at inner and outer surfaces of the insulation in
degree C.
e. The rate of heat loss from the steam for the pipe length of 10 m,
without insulation.
f. The percentage of energy saving for the system by using 35-mm

Thank You
and
See you next week