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Presented by :
Asmaa
Vit D
• Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble vitamins.
• Vitamin has several important functions
in the body:
• It helps to absorb dietary calcium and phosphorus
from the intestines.
• It suppresses the release of parathyroid hormone, a
hormone that causes bone resorption.
• Vitamin D may have other benefits, such as
improving muscle and immune function.
Sources of vit D:
• 1. skin source
• 2. nutritional source:
Vit D deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency is caused by:
why
1. unexpectedly high doses of vitamin D may be
needed to achieve adequate serum 25(OH)D levels
2. the amount of vitamin D needed varies with body
weight, body fat, age, skin colour, season, and
sunning habits.
3. unlike sun exposure, toxicity is possible with oral
supplementation
available forms of vitamin D supplements are :
• ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)
• cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
Vit D3 is better than vit D2:
1. vitamin D3 is the naturally occurring form
2. ergocalciferol is not human, and its
consumption results in metabolic by-products
not normally found in humans
3. vit D2 is also two- to four-times less effective
than vit D3
• dose of vit d therapy
depends on:
– age
– body weight
– skin colour
– patients with malabsorbtion
syndrome.
Vit d deficiency in the
elderly:
Causes of vit d deficiency in
the elderly:
1. The production of vitamin D from the
skin decreases with age.
reduced levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol,
2. Housebound elderly people often do not
get adequate exposure to sunlight.
3. Decreased dietary intake, impaired
intestinal absorption, and impaired
hydroxylation in the liver and kidneys
Consequences of vit d
deficiency in the elderly:
1. high bone turnover, bone loss,
mineralization defects, and hip and
other fractures. Less certain
consequences include myopathy and
falls.
2. osteomalacia:
3. osteoporosis:
4. Cancer
5. cardiovascular diseases:
1. high bone turnover, bone loss,
mineralization defects, and hip and
other fractures. Less certain
consequences include myopathy
and falls.
2. osteomalacia:
Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones
due to defective bone mineralization.
• 2.Prostate Cancer
• 3.breast cancer
5. Cardiovascular disease.
• Vitamin D receptors have a broad
tissue distribution that includes
vascular smooth muscle,
endothelium, and cardiomyocytes.
• Vitamin D deficiency also alters
hormone levels and immune function,
which can increase the risk of
diabetes, a major contributor to
cardiovascular disease,
Cvs diseases that may be
caused by low vit D levels:
• Atherosclerosis