FIRST GENERATION

MOBILES
ARUN TONK
ROLL NO :-2909
 History of mobile phones :-

HISTORY OF MOBILE
PHONES BEGINS WITH
EARLY EFFORTS TO
DEVELOP RADIO
TELEPHONE TECHNOLOGY
AND FROM TWO-WAY
RADIOS IN VEHICLES AND
CONTINUES THROUGH TO
EMERGENCE OF THE
 1G - First Generation
networks
 1G - First Generation mobile phone networks
were the earliest cellular systems to develop,
and they relied on a network of distributed
transceivers to communicate with the mobile
phones. First Generation phones were also
analogue, used for voice calls only, and their
signals were transmitted by the method of
frequency modulation. These systems typically
allocated one 25 MHz frequency band for the
signals to be sent from the cell base station to
the handset, and a second different 25 MHz
band for signals being returned from the
handset to the base station. These bands were
. that could be made at any one time. However,
the system was a multiple access one,
because a second caller could use the same
channel, once the first caller had hung up.
Such a system is called "
frequency division multiple access" (FDMA).



The main technological development that

distinguished the First Generation mobile

phones from the previous generation was the
use of multiple cell sites, and the ability to
transfer calls from one site to the next as the
user travelled between cells during a
conversation. The first commercially automated
cellular network (the 1G generation) was
launched in Japan by NTT in 1979.
. The second launch of 1G networks
was the simultaneous launch of
the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT)
system in Denmark, Finland,
Norway and Sweden in 1981. NMT
was the first mobile phone network
featuring international roaming.
The Swedish electrical engineer
Östen Mäkitalo started to work on
this vision in 1966, and is
considered as the father of the
NMT system and some consider
him also the father of the cellular
phone
Top of cellular
telephone tower
.

Dr. Martin Cooper of
Motorola,
.
made the


first US analogue
mobile phone call on
a larger prototype
model in 1973. This
is a reenactment in
2007
.


 AMPS, the first 1G system to start

operating in the USA (in July 1978),
each channel was separated from the
adjacent channels by a spacing of 30
kHz, which was not particularly efficient
in terms of the available radio
spectrum, and this placed a limitation
on the number of calls that could be
made at any one time. However, the
system was a multiple access one,
because a second caller could use the
same channel, once the first caller had
hung up. Such a system is called
"frequency division multiple access" (
FDMA).

. NMT 450, the Nordic Mobile Telephone
System using the 450 MHz band, was
the first cell phone network to start
operating in Europe in 1981. Later, in
1985, the United Kingdom began
operations with its TACS (Total
Access Communications System).
With the introduction of 2G networks,
the 1G phones were destined to
become obsolete, as they were not
adaptable to the new 2G standards
and also had other drawbacks, such
as their poor security due to the lack
of encryption, and the fact that
anyone with a receiver tuned to the
right frequency could overhear the
conversation
.
 The main technological development that
distinguished the First Generation
mobile phones from the previous
generation was the use of multiple cell
sites, and the ability to
transfer calls from one site to the next
as the user travelled between cells
during a conversation. The first
commercially automated cellular
network (the 1G generation) was
launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. The
initial launch network covered the full
metropolitan area of Tokyo's over 20
million inhabitants with a cellular
network of 23 base stations. Within five
years, the NTT network had been
expanded to cover the whole population
of Japan and became the first nation-
wide 1G network.
AMPS
 Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) is
a first generation analogue cellular
telephone system that originated in the
USA in the 1980s. AMPS is still the most
widely deployed cellular system in the
United States, and has been used in other
countries of North and South America, as
well as the Asia/Pacific region, although it
is not compatible with European mobile
phone standards. AMPS can be found in
countries such as Canada, Australia,
Hong Kong, New Zealand, South Korea,
Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Israel.

  AMPS operates in the 800 and 900 MHz

. frequency bands.
Frequency Division Multiple Access (
FDMA) is used to divide each band of
operating frequencies into 30 kHz
channels. Adjacent cells will then
employ different channels for their
transmitted and received signals, so
that one cell does not interfere with
another, and as a user moves between
cells the channels change without any
noticeable transition.