Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Structural System
Skeleton framing
1.
Facades
Enclosures
Separators
Fire barriers
Load-Bearing Wood
Walls:
2 x 4 or 2 x 6 construction
Studs on 16 to 24 centers
Headers
10 Storeys or More
Load-Bearing
reinforced concrete
Walls:
Solid or Cavity
Load-Bearing Walls
are used for:
Exterior
Interior Partitions
Wind Bracing
Load-Bearing Partitions:
Short intervals
Load-Bearing walls:
2. Skeleton Framing
Skeleton Framing serves
as:
Floor/Ceiling/Ducts
Multi-Storey Medium
Span
Structures
Multi-Storey Buildings
Expensive Land
o
Higher the building (More Storeys ) Larger the ratio of the building
Floor area to the used land area
o
Demand for large factory buildings of several storeys and large clear
floor areas
Cast iron columns used instead of bearing walls and cast iron beams in
stead of timber floor joists.
Forms
Followingsof
areMulti-Storey
the three Forms ofBuildings
Multi-Storey Buildings:
1.
2.
3.
Benefits
Competitive Pricing
Speed of erection
Structural Elements
Followings are the Structural Elements used in
Multi-Storey Building:
Columns
Beams
Plates
Arches
Shells
Catenaries
Columns:
Beams:
Plates:
Shells:
Shells derive their strength from their form and carry forces in
compression in two directions. A dome is an example of Shell.
They can be designed by making a hanging-chain model, which
will act as a catenary's in pure tension and inverting the form to
achieve pure compression.
Arches:
Catenaries:
Structural Forms
Beam Structures
Masted Structures
Space Frames
Umbrella Structures
Cable Structures
Beam Structures
Masted Structures
The concept of Masted Structures is not new, but they have only
recently become popular as a means of providing lightweight
structures for general use.
Space Frames
Umbrella Structures
Cable Structures
Tent:
o
o
Continue:
Improved behavior under traffic and wind loads:
Stiffening trusses at the level of the deck that distributes
concentrated loads over greater lengths
Famous Collapse:
Tacoma Narrows Bridge, USA, collapsed on November 7, 1940
due to wind-induced vibrations. It had been open for traffic for a
few months only before collapsing.
Cables-Stayed Bridge