IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
ALPHABETS

1.

2.

3.

WORDS

PHRASES.CLAUSES

4.

SENTENCE

5.

Meaningful group of words

6.

Must have subject and verb

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
TWO PARTS (STRUCTURE)

1.

2.

SUBJECT.PREDICATE

1. Doer of an action
2. About which sentence is
3. What is said about the subject
4. Ahmed met his uncle on the road
5. Subject
6. predicate

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

2.

The small man standing along with his friends is/are

an engineer

3.

Mr. Arshad with his family members was/were

standing on the road

4.

One of the boys has/have been travelling on the

bike

5.

Any one of them dont/ doesnt pay attention to

his/their studies
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
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AUXIALLERY VERBS

LINKING
VERBS

MODEL VERBS

HELPING VERBS

1. QUAID E AZAM WAS A LAWYER

2. HE IS CLIMBING UP THE WALL
3. HE CAN BEAT ME IN TENNIS
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES(PURPOSE)

2.

Declarative Sentences
1. A statement having information or ideas
2. Used full stop (.)
1. The concert begins in two hours.
2. July 4th is Independence Day in America.

3.

Imperative Sentences
1. commands or requests
2. Used full stop (.)
1. Yield.
2. Watch for oncoming traffic.
3. Respond immediately.
4. Please lower your voice.

4.

Exclamatory Sentences
1. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings of joy, sorrow
and wonder
2. Used with sign of exclamation (!)
1. Hurrah! We have won the match.
2. Oh! Now the battery is dead.
3. Alas! He is dead.
4. Oh, my goodness, I won!
5. I cant wait for the party!
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES(PURPOSE)

2.

Interrogative Sentences
1. A statement having some question
2. Used with question mark (?)
1. You like Chinese food, dont you?
2. Is it snowing?
3. Have you had breakfast?
4. Do you want Coke or Pepsi?
5. This is the book?

3.

Optative sentences
1. An optative sentence is used to pray or wish
2. Used with exclamatory sentences(!)
1. May God bless you!
2. May you live long!
3. Would that I were your friend!
4. Would that I were the prime minister!
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES(COMPLEXITY)

2.

Four Types

3.

Are simple,

4.

compound,

5.

complex and

6.

compound complex

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES(COMPLEXITY)

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES(COMPLEXITY)

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES(COMPLEXITY)

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

PHRASES AND CLAUSES

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES OF PHRASES

2.

NOUN PHRASE

3.

A noun phrase consists of a noun and other related

words (usually modifiers and determiners) which
modify the noun.It functionslike a noun in a sentence.

4.

He is wearinga nice red shirt.(as

noun/object)
She brought aglass full of water. (as
noun/object)

5.

The boy with brown hairis laughing. (as

noun/subject)
A man on the roofwas shouting. (as
noun/subject)

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE.
A prepositional phrase consists of apreposition, object
ofpreposition(noun or pronoun) and may also consist of
other modifiers.
e.g. on atable, near a wall, in the room, at the door, under
a tree
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES OF PHRASES

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE.
A prepositional phrase consists of apreposition, object
ofpreposition(noun or pronoun) and may also consist of other
modifiers.
e.g. on atable, near a wall, in the room, at the door, under a
tree
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE.
Two functions
Adjective
Used after the noun/pronoun
Faiza is the girlin the red dress
Weve got a new televisionwith a thirty one inch
screen..
Adverb
Used in the end
We will be backin a few days.
They droveto Glasgow

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES OF PHRASES

INFINITIVE PHRASE.
TO+V1
INFINITIVE PHRASE FUNCTIONS
To expresspurpose(to answer "Why...?"):
He bought some flowersto giveto his wife.
He locked the doorto keepeveryone out.

As a subject:
To help others is a great virtue
To give others our time is a precious service
To give alms to the poor gives us satisfaction

As an Object:
I need to help others
She wants to open a coffee shop
They liked to improve their status

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES OF PHRASES

INFINITIVE PHRASE.
TO+V1
INFINITIVE PHRASE FUNCTIONS

As an Adjective:
Let him show you the best wayto paint the door.
I need a bookto read on holiday.

As an Adverb
The officer returnedto help the inspectors.
He opened the boxto reveal a huge bullfrog.

As a complement
My goal is to write.
My purpose of life is to serve knowledge.

With certain verbs

Theydecided tostart a business together.
Remember toturn the lights out.

choose, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, intend,

learn, like,
love, mean, plan, prefer, remember, want, would
like, would love, agree, promise, refuse
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

USE OF GERUND AND INFINITIVE

1) I don't fancy (go) out tonight. .
2. 2) She avoided (tell) him about her plans. .
3. 3) I would like (come) to the party with you. .
4. 4) He enjoys (have) a bath in the evening. .
5. 5) She kept (talk) during the film. .
6. 6) I am learning (speak) English. .
7. 7) Do you mind (give) me a hand? .
8. 8) She helped me (carry) my suitcases. .
9. 9) I've finished (cook) - come and eat!. .
10. 10) He decided (study) biology. .
11. 11) I dislike (wait). .
12. 12) He asked (come) with us. .
13. 13) I promise (help) you tomorrow. .
14. 14) We discussed (go) to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at
home. .
15. 15) She agreed (bring) the pudding to the dinner. .
16. 16) I don't recommend (take) the bus - it takes forever!. .
17. 17) We hope (visit) Amsterdam next month. .
18. 18) She suggested (go) to the museum. .
19. 19) They plan (start) college in the autumn. .
20. 20) I don't want (leave) yet.
1.

ANSWERS
1.

1) I don't fancy (go) out tonight. going

2.

2) She avoided (tell) him about her plans. telling

3.

3) I would like (come) to the party with you. to come

4.

4) He enjoys (have) a bath in the evening. having

5.

5) She kept (talk) during the film. talking

6.

6) I am learning (speak) English. to speak

7.

7) Do you mind (give) me a hand? giving

8.

8) She helped me (carry) my suitcases. to carry

9.

9) I've finished (cook) - come and eat!. cooking

10.

10) He decided (study) biology. to study

11.

11) I dislike (wait). waiting

12.

12) He asked (come) with us. to come

13.

13) I promise (help) you tomorrow. to help

14.

14) We discussed (go) to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at

home. going

15.

15) She agreed (bring) the pudding to the dinner. to bring

16.

16) I don't recommend (take) the bus - it takes forever!. taking

17.

17) We hope (visit) Amsterdam next month. to visit

18.

18) She suggested (go) to the museum. going

19.

19) They plan (start) college in the autumn. to start

20.

20) I don't want (leave) yet. to leave

SENTENCE
1.

TYPES OF PHRASES

INFINITIVE PHRASE.
TO+V1
INFINITIVE PHRASE FUNCTIONS

Some verbs are followed by adirect objectand the

infinitive :
Sheremindedmetoturn the lights out.
Heencouragedhis friendsto votefor him.
advise, ask, encourage, invite, order, persuade,
remind, tell, warn,
expect, intend, would prefer, want, would like
Reason for some adjectives:
We werehappy to cometo the end of our journey
Ali wassurprised to seeme
disappointed, glad, sad, happy, anxious, pleased,
surprised, proud,
Unhappy, able, unable, due, eager, keen, likely,
unlikely, ready,
Prepared, unwilling, willing
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

PRACTICE INFINITIVE

2.

It appears (be) raining.

3.

We intend (go) to the countryside this weekend.

4.

I pretended (be) sick so I didn't have to go to work.

5.

Can you imagine (live) without TV?

6.

They tolerate (smoke) but they prefer people not to.

7.

I anticipate (arrive) on Tuesday.

8.

A wedding involves (negotiate) with everyone in the family.

9.

He denies (steal) the money.

10.

He claims (be) a millionaire but I don't believe him.

11.

I expect (be) there about seven.

12.

Julia reported (see) the boys to the police.

13.

It tends (rain) a lot in Scotland.

14.

Do you recall (meet) her at the party last week?

15.

She mentioned (go) to the cinema, but I don't know what she decided to
do in the end.

16.

The teenager refused (go) on holiday with his parents.

17.

I understand (be) late once or twice, but every day is too much!.

18.

I would prefer you (come) early if you can.

19.

That criminal deserves (get) a long sentence.

20.

She completed (paint) her flat.

21.

We arranged (meet) at four but at four thirty she still hadn't arrived.
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

SENTENCE
1.

PRACTICE INFINITIVE

2.

It appears (be) raining. to be

3.

We intend (go) to the countryside this weekend.

4.

I pretended (be) sick so I didn't have to go to work.

5.

Can you imagine (live) without TV?

6.

They tolerate (smoke) but they prefer people not to.

7.

I anticipate (arrive) on Tuesday.

8.

A wedding involves (negotiate) with everyone in the family.

9.

He denies (steal) the money.

10.

He claims (be) a millionaire but I don't believe him.

11.

I expect (be) there about seven.

12.

Julia reported (see) the boys to the police.

13.

It tends (rain) a lot in Scotland.

14.

Do you recall (meet) her at the party last week?

15.

She mentioned (go) to the cinema, but I don't know what she decided to do
in the end. going

16.

The teenager refused (go) on holiday with his parents.

17.

I understand (be) late once or twice, but every day is too much!.

18.

I would prefer you (come) early if you can.

19.

That criminal deserves (get) a long sentence.

20.

She completed (paint) her flat.

21.

We arranged (meet) at four but at four thirty she still hadn't arrived.
meet

to go
to be

living
smoking

arriving
negotiating

stealing
to be

to be
seeing

to rain
meeting

to go
being

to come
to get

painting

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

to

PARTS OF SPEECH

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

PARTS OF SPEECH
1.

NOUNS

DEFINITION
2.

The naming words are nouns, animals, persons, places, things, ideas,
and feelings.

3.

They are physical (conceived with five senses)or mental (conceptually

conceived).

4.

E.g Akbar, boy, Ayesha, girl, academy, KBL Academy, street, Anarkali,
honesty, love, age, wisdom.

USES OF NOUNS

1. SUBJECT
5.

Used before Auxiallery (Modal, Linking, helping) verbs/main verbs

6.

Necessary for active voice sentences. Without it, sentence is

meaningless

7.

A boy is running after the sparrows.

8.

Mr. Ahmed with his family has planned a visit to

Murree.

1. OBJECT
9.

Used after a verb (transitive verbs)

10. Sometimes
11. Necessary
12. Some

followed by preposition.

with transitive verbs

verbs have two objects (double transitive and causative verbs),

13. direct

object (without it sentence becomes meaningless) and indirect

object (without it a sentence can stand at its own)
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

PARTS OF SPEECH
1.

NOUNS

2.

Honest is necessary for life

3.

Honesty is necessary for life

4.

We need adventurous for success

5.

We need adventures for success

6.

Our believe in God makes us free of cares

7.

Our belief in God makes us free of cares

8.

Humility and coward cant go along

9.

Humility and cowardice cant go along

10.

Our proud in ourselves drives us to success

11.

Our pride in ourselves drives us to success

12.

I dislike his lecherous

13.

I dislike his lechery

14.

His malicious has no effect on me

15.

His malice has no effect on me

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

PARTS OF SPEECH
1.

NOUNS

USES OF NOUNS
2.

OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

3.

After preposition, there will be a noun/gerund/noun clause

1.

A man of determination is respected everywhere. (not

determined)

2.

I am thinking about my newly established business.

(abou+business)

4.

COMPLEMENT/PREDICATE

5.

Used after Linking verb/to be verbs

6.

There should be a coordination between subject and complement

7.

For a single noun, there should be an article/determiner.

1.

Quaid e Azam was a lawyer.

2.

The majority of the people are the Muslims

8.

NOUN IN APPOSITION

9.

Two nouns in one function

10.

Second adds into the meanings of the first one

11.

Second should be noun as well

12.

Separated with commas, brackets and dashes

1.

The beast, a lion, was starting to show interest in our party

2.

Akbar, the king was very courageous in his youth.

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES

1.

PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS

CASES OF NOUNS
2. Nominative or Subjective (discussed above)
3. Accusative or Objective (discussed above)
4. Genitive or Possessive
1. Shows ownership
2. Two ways to show possession
3. With of for non living mostly
4. With (s) with living things mostly
5. The pottery of Gujrat is very famous
6. Iqbals eagle is a symbol of ego and pride
7. Certain expressions are used in possessive even they are non living
8. Personified Nouns (Non Living given living qualities)
9. Pakistans heroes. At deaths door. Autumns return. Natures laws. Winters
tales. At dutys call.
10.
Nouns indicating time, space, and idioms
11.
A days work. A weeks holiday. Years time. Stones throw. Foots length.
Todays paper. Pitys sake. Lions share. Tomorrows meeting. Three hours
walk
5. Dative or Indirect Object (discussed above)
6. Vocative
1. Noun to call someone
2. Comma is used after it, before it, after and before
3. Ahmed, listen to me.
4. Dont disrespect other, Ahmed.
5. Listen to me, O Brother, dont waste your time. KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND
SCIENCES

KHUDA HAFIZ
1.

WISHING YOUR SUCCESS IN FUTURE!

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND

SCIENCES