Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF A
SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP
( Summarizing)
Concept
Financial statements are the Last stage of the Accounting Process
From Trial balance (list of all Expenses ,Incomes , Assets &
liabilities), final A/cs are prepared.
Balance Sheet
Coverage
Final Accounts of a sole proprietorship concern
( Business of a Single owner)
Trading Industries
Trading A/c
Manufacturing Industries
Balance Sheet
Manufacturing A/c
(along with Trading, P&L A/c & Balance sheet)
P&L A/c
Manufacturing Account
Prepared by manufacturing industries (Conversion of raw
material into Finished Goods)before preparation of Trading,
P&L A/c
A Nominal A/c (records all the manufacturing expenses like
Raw material Consumed, Wages, Manufacturing expenses)
Trading A/c
shows the operating performance of the business
Format
Notes-Trading A/c
From Purchases: recoverable taxes/duties paid are to be deducted
(Cenvat Credit: Current Asset)
As per AS-2, the direct expenses: the expenses for bringing the
goods to their factory location and making them marketable
(finished goods)
e.g. Carriage inwards, freight, wages, insurance, power & fuel, etc.
Dr.
GP : on Sales/Cost
GP %age, needs to be reviewed : on Sales or On Cost
If given on a base, which is not available, to be calculated on other
base
Assume the base of GP %age as 100
& correspondingly calculate the other base
If GP is 7.5% on Sales; Sales: 100, GP: 7.5, Cost(COGS): 92.5
If the GP %age is divisible by 100, say 25% on Sale
If GP is 1/x on sale, then
on cost
If GP is 1/x on cost, then
on sale
Format
Particulars
To Gross Loss b/d
Management expenses:
To Salaries
To Office rent, rates and taxes
To Telephone charges
To Postage and telegrams
To Insurance
Maintenance expenses:
To Repairs and renewals
To Depreciation
Selling and distribution expenses:
To Carriage outwards
To Bad debts
To Provision for bad debts
To Selling commission
Financial expenses:
To Bank charges
Abnormal losses:
To Loss on sale of machinery
To Loss on sale of investment
To Net Profit (transferred to Capital A/c)
(Balancing Figure)
Amoun Particulars
t
By Gross Profit b/d
Other income:
By Discount received
By Commission receive
Non-trading income:
By Bank interest
By Rent of property let-out
By Dividend from shares
Abnormal gains:
By Profit on sale of
machinery
By Net Loss (transferred to
Capital A/c) (Balancing
Figure)
Amou
nt
Closing Entries
P&L A/c
Dr.
To Salaries A/c
To Rent A/c
To Interest A/c
To Other Expenses A/c
(Items-debited)
P&L A/c
To Capital A/c
(Net Profit)- Cr. Balance
Dr.
Balance Sheet
This is the last statement to be prepared in the Accounting
Process/Final Accounts
(Not an A/c)
Balance Sheet
This provides the Accounting Equation
Assets = Liabilities + Capital (Owners equity)
Every Transaction ultimately affect the Balance Sheet
Arrangement of Balance
Sheet
Known as Marshalling of Balance Sheet
In Liquidity Order
(Short term assets:
easily be converted into cash
to Long term assets)
Permanence order
(Long term assets to Liquid assets)
Note : Generally the Permanence order is used.