First things first !!

Carbonyl Group
A carbonyl group is a
chemically organic
functional group composed
of a carbon atom doublebonded to an oxygen atom

Carbonyl Group
What is the
chemical structure
of CARBONYL

??

Carbonyl Group

[C=

Carbonyl Group

Carbonyl
compounds can
be devided into
two classes :

Carbonyl Group
Class I - Has a group
attached to the acyl
group that can function
as a leaving group.

Carbonyl Group

Carbonyl Group
Class II - Does not have a
group attached to the
acyl group that can
function as a leaving
group.

Carbonyl Group

Reactions at the Carbonyl

Group
Reagents that attack the electronpoord+end of this bond
arenucleophiles.
Nucleophiles (from nucleus
loving, or positive-charge
loving).A nucleophile is a
reactant that provides a pair
of electrons to form a new
covalent bond

Reactions at the
Carbonyl Group
Reagents that attack the electronrichd-end of the C=O bond are
calledelectrophiles.
electrophilicity(from electronloving, or negative-charge
loving).An electrophile is a
species that accepts a pair of
electrons to form a new
covalent bond.

Welcome To !!!

ALDEHYDES !!

When the carbonyl group is

directly bonded to, at least,
one hydrogen atom the
compound is said to be
analdehyde,

ALDEHYDES !!

What is the chemical

formula for aldehydes?

ALDEHYDES !!

ALDEHYDES !!

When the carbonyl group is

directly bonded to, at least,
one hydrogen atom the
compound is said to be
analdehyde,

ALDEHYDES !!

but when only directly

connected to carbon atoms
it is described as aketone.

ALDEHYDES !!
Aldehyde is an organic compound
which contain formyl group. This
functional group, in its structure RCHO, consist of carboxyl centre bonded
to R group and hydrogen. The group
with R is called as formyl group and
aldehyde group.

ALDEHYDES !!
Nomenclature
Steps to
remember!

Nomenclature !!

1
2 .
3
.
Assemble the substituents
.
4 alphabetically.

Identify and name the

parent.

Identify and name the

substituents.

Assign a locant to each

substituent.

Nomenclature !!
Notes in naming Aldehydes
Notice

Nomenclature !!
In this line structure, the
double bonded oxygen should
always on the very end of the
molecule

Nomenclature !!
And In this 2nd line structure, the
double bonded oxygen is somewhere
in the middle of carbon chain and
hydrogen attached near to the
oxygen.

But wait !!
Theres more !!
Some basic !!
Branched
Substituent !!

Isopropyl !!
Sec - butyl !!
Tert - butyl!!
Iso butyl !!

Isopropyl !!

Sec - butyl !!

Tert butyl !!

Iso - butyl !!

Nomenclature !!
Important thing in naming
aldehydes

When naming the parent,

the suffix -al indicates the
presence of an aldehyde
group.

Nomenclature !!

Nomenclature !!
When choosing the
parent of an aldehyde
Identify the longest
chain

Application !!
Formaldehyde
Use in:
Tanning
Preserving
Embalming
Germicide
Fungicide
Production on
polymeric materials

Tests for
Aldehydes
!!
2,4-DNP Test for Aldehydes
and Ketones
Positive test :
Formation of a
precipitate is a
positive test

Tests for
Aldehydes !!

Tollens Test for Aldehydes

Positive Test:
Formation of silver
mirror or a black
precipitate is a
positive test.

Tests for
Aldehydes
!!
Jones (Chromic Acid)
Oxidation Test for
Aldehydes
Positive Test:
A positive test for aldehydes and primary or
secondary alcohols consists in the
production of an opaque suspension with a
green to blue color. Tertiary alcohols give no
visible reaction within 2 seconds, the
solution remaining orange in color.
Disregard any changes after 15 seconds.

Tests for
Aldehydes !!

Nomenclature !!

Nomenclature !!

Nomenclature !!