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MT8222A BTS Master

High Performance Handheld Base Station Analyzer

AKOct05

MT8222A BTS Master


Test Set Description
Product Outline:

Antenna and Cable


Analyzer

Spectrum Analyzer

100 KHz to 7.1 GHz

T1 Tester
Interference Analyzer
Power Meter
Measurement

10 MHz to 4 GHz

High Accuracy Meter


Internal Power Meter

Channel Power
Analyzer

An Economic Choice
Site
Master

Spectrum
Analyzer

Power
Meter

Transmitter
Tester

T1/E1
Tester

Interference
Analyzer

Channel
Scanner

GPS

More for Less

cost
training
maintenance
procurement problems

More

The Technicians Best Friend


Antenna Tower
Interference Analyzer
E1 Tester

Spectrum Analyzer

Transmit and Receive simultaneously


Local and Remote Loop Back
BER, FER testing
64 Kb/s, Voice Channels
dBdsx

Switch Center

Cell Site
Backhaul
T1/E1

Network
Interface
Card

Transmission Measurement

Channel Service Unit

Network Interface Card

BTS
Transmitter

Channel
Scanner

RF Measurements
Demodulation
OTA
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
WCDMA/HSDPA
WiMAX

Receiver

Cable and Antenna Analyzer


Power Meter/Monitor

Return Loss
Cable Loss
DTF

Cable/Antenna Problems

Problems in the system, such as


connector transitions, jumpers,
kinks in the cable or moisture
intrusion

Of all cable and antenna system


problems

60% are connector related


20% are cable related
5% are antenna related

The BTS Master includes Anritsu


Site Master capabilities which is the
de-facto industry standard for these
measurements

Cable and Antenna Measurements

The measurements

Return Loss
Cable loss
Distance To Fault (DTF)
2 Port Gain (TMA/LNA)
2 Port Loss (Duplexer/Diplexer)

Precision Calibration
OSL Cal
Standard open, short, load

Flex Cal
No recalibration required

Cable and Antenna


Measurement

Anritsu
MT8222A

Cable & Antenna


-VSWR
-Return Loss
-Cable Loss
-DTF (Return Loss)
-DTF (VSWR)
-2 Port Gain

BTS Master Training


Introduction to Line Sweeping - RF Basics

The goal of a wireless communications system is to


transfer the maximum amount of RF energy in one
direction to achieve desired coverage
Garden hose and sprinkler

To accomplish this, a wireless communications system


must Match from an RF standpoint
Otherwise, reflections occur
Reflections affect the overall performance of our system

BTS Master Training


Introduction to Line Sweeping - RF Basics

What do we mean by Match


In a RF/Wireless communications system, it is often necessary to connect
various components together to deliver the signal from the
transmitter/radio to the antenna
Cables, connectors, adapters, etc.

Each of the components within the system must match electrically


(typically 50 ) as we are in essence transferring electrical energy
75 50

BTS Master Training


Introduction to Line Sweeping - RF Basics
What do we mean by reflection?
Signal Power
From Source = Pi

Pi

Reflected Power
is Proportional to
Impedance Mismatch
Reflection Coefficient = = Pr / Pi
Expressed in Voltage Terms, = Er / Ei

Pr

Impedance
Not Matched,
Not 50 Ohms

BTS Master Training


Introduction to Line Sweeping - RF Basics

How can we tell if our system has a reflection or is not meeting


specified performance?
Two types of measurements
VSWR Measurement
Return Loss Measurement

VSWR and Return Loss Measurements


provide a quick pass/fail measurement
of a wireless system.

BTS Master Training


Introduction to Line Sweeping - RF Basics

Comparison of VSWR and Return Loss


VSWR

Return Loss (dB) Description

1.0:1

Perfect match. Cannot be done.

1.5:1

15.0

Very good match, very little reflection.


(Often a design goal)

2.0:1

10.0

Acceptable match, acceptable


amount of reflection.

10:1

2.0

Terrible match, significant reflections.


Something is definitely wrong.

:1

Should find another line of work!

BTS Master Training


Introduction to Line Sweeping - RF Basics

Common VSWR and Return Loss Values


VSWR
1.5:1
1.22:1
1.06:1
1.01:1

RL (dB)
-14
-20
-30
-45

Component
Antenna
Lightning Arrestor
Connector
Cable

BTS Master Training


Line Sweeping Fundamentals

In all, there are six measurements that provide the information


required to verify the integrity of the transmission line or cable and
antenna system
Cable Loss (Insertion Loss) of the transmission line. (1)

With an open or short connected

Return Loss / VSWR of the transmission line (3)

With a 50 Ohm termination connected

Return Loss / VSWR of the transmission line (5)

With Antenna connected

DTF-RL/ DTF-SWR of the transmission line (2)

With an open or short connected.

DTF-RL/ DTF-SWR of the transmission line (4)

With a 50 Ohm termination connected.

DTF-RL/ DTF-SWR of the transmission line (6)

With an Antenna connected.

BTS Master Training


Line Sweeping Fundamentals

Must have three pieces of information to properly conduct a line


sweep
1. Frequency Range

This can be determined from your system specs


Make sure that your antenna matches the specified frequency range

2. Cable Type(s)

This can be determined from your system specs


Make sure that your cable(s) match the specified cable type

3. Distance of Cable Run

This is not always outlined in your system specs, but is important


For less experienced line sweepers, it is suggested that you draw out the system before
conducting a line sweep

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna Analysis


Measurement Setup

Select the Shift key, then the Mode (9) key, using rotary knob or
up/down arrow keys select Cable & Antenna Analyzer and press the
Enter key to select.
Press the Freq/Dist function hard key.
Press the Start Freq soft key and enter the desired start frequency
manually then press the Stop Freq and enter the desired stop freq, or
press the Signal Standard soft key and select the applicable standard.
Select the Measurement hard key to select the desired measurement

VSWR
Return Loss
Cable Loss
DTF Return Loss
DTF VSWR
2-Port Gain

Calibrate BTS Master

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna Analysis


Measurement Setup Calibration Procedure

Select the Shift key, then the Calibrate (2) key, using soft key select
Cal Type 1-Port or 2-Port. The selected Cal Type will be underlined.
Select 1 port for RTN Loss and DTF Measurements
Select 2 port for testing gain and insertion loss of TMAs and Duplexers

Select Cal Power High or Low. The selected Cal Power will be
underlined.
1 port measurements, low power is the only selection.
2 port measurements, low power or high power can be selected.
Select low power for testing active devices such as TMAs.
Select high power for testing passives devices such as cables and filters.

Select Start Cal soft key to start calibration.


Follow instructions provided on the display of the BTS Master.
For two port calibrations two loads and two phase stable cables are
required.

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna Analysis


Setting Limit Lines and Markers

Setting Limit Lines


Select the Shift key, then the Limit (6) key, using soft key select
Limit Upper or Limit Lower. The selected Limit Type will be
underlined.
Select Limit Edit soft key to set limit. Both an upper and lower limit
can be set separately.
Select Limit On/Off soft key. Limit state will be underlined.

Setting Markers
Select Marker hard key to display marker menu.
Select Marker soft key to choose marker number. Chosen Marker
will be underlined.
Selected marker will appear in Red on the display and can be
adjusted using the daisy wheel.
Non selective markers will appear in Green on the display and can
not be adjusted.

BTS Master -Cable and Antenna Analysis


Measurement Setup Saving/Recalling Setups
Saving Setup
Select the Shift key, then the File (7) key, using soft key select Save.
Select Directory Management soft key.
Select Current Location soft key to select data storage location.
Int. Data stored to internal memory of BTS Master
USB Data stored to external USB storage device.
CF Data stored to compact flash drive.

Select Back soft key to return to previous page.


Select Save Setup soft key to save setup.
Use the daisy wheel or soft keys to name setup.

Select the Shift key, then the File (7) key, using soft select Recall.
Recalling Setup
Select Recall soft key, then highlight desired setup for recall.
Select Recall soft key to recall setup.

BTS Master
Return Loss Measurement
Select RTN Loss Measurements from
Measurement Menu

RTN Loss with Load

RTN Loss with Antenna

BTS Master
DTF Measurement Procedure

Press Measurement hard


key
Select DTF RTN Loss soft
key
Press Freq/Dist hard key
Select Cable soft key and
choose the appropriate cable
from the cable list. Press
Enter Key
Select the Stop Dist soft key
and enter the estimated
distance of the transmission
system
Press the More soft key to
enter unit preference meter
or ft.

BTS Master
Distance to Fault Measurement

DTF with Open

DTF with Antenna

TMA Measurement
Tower Mounted Amp/Masthead Amplifiers Testing
On Tower Testing-RTN Loss
By Pass Circuitry- AMP in By Pass Mode
No By- Only TX Band will be swept

Pre-installed TMA Testing


Two port gain measurement

TMA Measurements
Typical TMA Configurations

Simplex Configuration
Used in antenna systems that
have separate RX and TX
antennas and separate feed
lines to the base station.

Single Duplex Configuration


Used in antenna systems that
have a common RX and TX
antenna and separate feed
lines for the RX signal and TX
signal to the base station.

Dual Duplex Configuration


Used in antenna systems that
have both a common RX and
TX antenna and a common
transmission line to the BTS.

TMA Measurements
BTS Master Set-up Procedure TMA Gain

Testing TMA Prior to Installation (Two Port Gain)

Press the blue Shift key then press the Mode (#9)
key then select Cable and Antenna Analyzer.
Press the Measurement hard key then select 2-port
Gain.
Press Freq/Dist hard key then select Start Freq
soft key to set the start freq next select Stop Freq
soft key to set stop frequency.
Press the blue Shift key then press the Cal (#2) key.
Set Cal Type to 2-port and set Cal Power to Low.
Start Calibration.
Connect the RF Out port of the BTS Master to the
Antenna port of the TMA and connect the RF In port
to the BTS port of the TMA.
Press the Shift key then press the Sweep (#3) key,
then select Bias Tee soft key. Set the required Bias
Tee Voltage (+12 to +24), then set the Bias Tee to
On.
Press the Shift key then press the Sweep (#3) key,
then select Bias Tee soft key. Set the required Bias
Tee Voltage (+12 to +24), then set the Bias Tee to
On.

TMA Measurements
Interpreting TMA Gain Measurement

10 to 12 dB Gain in RX Band
Check Manufactures Spec

Reference Level equals 0 dB


Green Line

Bias T On Top Slide


Bias T Off Bottom Slide

BTS Master
BTS Power Measurements

High Accuracy Power Meter

PSN50
.16 dB of Accuracy
50 MHz to 6 GHz freq
-30 dB to +20 dB
USB Interface

Internal Power Meter


.5 dB Accuracy
No External Power Head

Cable & Antenna Measurements

Return Loss/VSWR

Cable & Antenna Measurements

Return Loss/VSWR

Cable Loss

Distance to Fault

2 Port Gain

Cable & Antenna Measurements

Return Loss/VSWR

Cable Loss

Distance to Fault

2 Port Gain

Basic Transmitter Measurements


For basic measurements the BTS Master will be
directly connected to the base station.
(connect directly to RF out with an attenuator
or use Test/Monitor connector)
Use a 30 or 40 dB attenuator on RF output
Base Station

Transmit
Receive
BTS
Master

GSM/EDGE RF/Demod Measurements

RF measurements
Spectrum display
Pass/Fail Slot Timing Mask
Complete Frame view

Demodulation measurements
Demodulation display
GSM, GMSK
EDGE, 8PSK
EVM
Phase Error
Carrier to Interference

Pass/Fail mode
Create custom test sets

GSM/EDGE
RF Measurement

Anritsu
MT8222A

GSM/EDGE RF
-Occupied Bandwidth
-Channel power
-Burst power
-Carrier frequency
-Frequency error
-Power vs Time (Frame)
-Power vs Time (Slot)

GSM/EDGE
Demodulation

Anritsu
MT8222A

GSM/EDGE Demod
-Phase error
-EVM
-C/I
-Origin offset
-Magnitude error
-Modulation type

BTS Master GSM/EDGE Measurements - Setup

Select the Shift key, then the Mode (9) key, using rotary knob or
up/down arrow keys select GSM/GPRS/EDGE Signal Analyzer and
press the Enter key to select.
Press the Freq function hard key.
Press the Center Freq soft key and enter the desired frequency
manually, or press the Signal Standard soft key and select the
applicable GSM standard.
Select the Channel soft key and use the Up/Down arrow keys, the
keypad, or the rotary knob to select a channel number for the selected
signal standard. The center of the channel is tuned to the center of the
display.
Press the Setup function hard key.
Press the GSM/EDGE Auto to automatically select the GSM or EDGE
signal.
Press the Amplitude hard key to set the power offset.
In put Power Off Set when external attenuator is used.
Set Auto Range to ON. BTS Master will automatically adjust attenuation.

BTS Master SM/EDGE Measurements Setup

Press the Select Reference Frequency soft key to display a list of the
available reference frequencies and select the desired reference
frequency to get accurate frequency measurements as described in the
previous section or Activate the GPS to get High Accuracy frequency
error measurements.
GPS Setup
Install the Anritsu GPS antenna to the GPS antenna connection on the
BTS Master connector panel.
Select the Shift key, then the Mode (8) key.
Select GPS soft key to view GPS settings.
Select GPS On/Off to activate the GPS. Selected state will be
underlined.
Select the GPS Info key to view the GPS information.

Number of Tracked Satellites


Latitude
Longitude
Altitude

Select the Measurement hard key to select the desired GSM


Measurement.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE Measurements
MT8222A offers two GSM/GPRS/EDGE measurements that will
each be addressed separately in the following guide:
GSM/GPRS/EDGE RF Measurements, with the MT8222A
connected directly to the base station or to an antenna
GSM/GPRS/EDGE Demodulator Measurements, with the MT8222A
connected directly to the base station or to an antenna.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE RF Measurements
GSM RF measurements are useful to quickly view the RF
signal characteristics of the GSM carrier
GSM RF Measurements consist of:
Spectrum Measurements
GSM Channel Spectrum
Multi-channel measurements

Power versus time (frame),


Power versus time (slot)

GSM/EDGE Channel Spectrum

The GSM Channel Spectrum


and multi-channel
measurements. Include:

Channel Power
Occupied Bandwidth
Burst Power
Frequency Error
Modulation Type (GMSK for
GSM and 8PSK for EDGE)
Training Sequence Code (TSC)

Channel Spectrum Key Strokes


Press the Measurements
function hard key.
Press the Spectrum soft key to
activate the spectrum
measurement
Select Channel spectrum for a
single channel view or Mutlichannel spectrum key to
display the multiple channels in
a 2MHz span

GSM/EDGE Power Versus Time (Frame)

The GSM Power versus Time


Frame shows the 8 GSM time
slots bursts or the combined
EDGE time slots and GSM
voice time slots bursts.
. Include:

Channel Power
Occupied Bandwidth
Burst Power
Frequency Error
Modulation Type (GMSK for
GSM and 8PSK for EDGE)
Training Sequence Code (TSC)

Power versus Time (Frame) Key


Strokes

Press the Measurements


function hard key.
Press the Power vs. Time
(Frame) soft key to activate the
Power vs. time Frame
measurement.

GSM/EDGE Power Versus Time (Slot)

The GSM/EDGE Power vs. Time Slot


shows:
Single GSM/EDGE timeslot with a
mask
The rise and fall of the timeslot are
the vertical signal traces within the
mask
The top flat section is the data burst.
It is very important that the rise and fall of
the timeslot falls within the mask, if there
is too much variation then timeslot
collisions may occur, causing degraded
signal quality.

Power versus Time (Frame) Key


Strokes

Press the Measurements


function hard key.
Press the Power vs. Time
(Slot) soft key to activate the
Power vs. time Slot
measurement.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE Demodulator

GSM/GPRS/EDGE demodulator
demodulates the GSM/GPRS/EDGE signal
and displays a constellation diagram
showing the Phase and Amplitude vector
changes in a graphical display.
The GSM/GPRS/EDGE demodulator
measurement displays:

Phase error,
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) - (EDGE
only)
Origin Offset (EDGE only),
Carrier to Interferer (C/I) - (EDGE only)
Modulation type
Magnitude error

GSM and GPRS GMSK modulation


EDGE uses 8PSK modulation
GMSK modulation only has a Phase Shift
vector parameter, the constellation
diagram it looks like a ring
8PSK modulation has both a Phase Shift
and Amplitude Shift for its vector
parameters, in the constellation diagram
EDGE tends to look like a plate of
spaghetti

Demodulator Key Strokes


Press the Measurements
function hard key.
Press the Demodulator soft
key to activate the Demodulator
measurement.

GSM/GPRS/EDGE/TDMA RF Measurements

RF Spectrum

Power vs Time Slot with Mask

Power vs Time Frame

Demodulation Display

GPS

GPS hardware
Provides location information
(longitude, latitude, altitude)
for storage with traces.
Required for high accuracy
frequency error measurements
when measuring Over-The-Air.
GPS info display

High Accuracy measurements

GPS Info Display

Standard Accuracy: 0.3 ppm


GPS Accuracy:
< 0.025 ppm
High Accuracy:
< 0.025 ppm, <24 Hrs after GPS disconnect
< 0.05 ppm, <72 Hrs after GPS disconnect

Note: 3GPP standard +0.05 ppm +12 Hz


0.05 ppm 12 Hz

Typical Performance

Spectrum Analyzer

Wide Frequency Range


Specified 100 kHz to 7.1 GHz
Usable down to 9 kHz

Low Phase Noise


-100 dBm/Hz @ 10 kHz offset

Low Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)


-153 dBm typical @ 1 GHz in 10 Hz RBW

Wide Dynamic Range


>80 dB

Real Spectrum Analyzer performance without compromise


Capabilities and Specification comparable to Bench Top solutions

Interference Analyzer
Applications
To find intermittent interference
To identify and locate an interferer
To measure the signal strength over time

Measurements

Spectrogram
Spectrogram allows engineers and

Spectrogram

technicians to identify intermittent


interfering signals that cause dropped calls
Can measure a signal down to -153 dBm
Save data up to 72 hours

Signal Strength

Locate an interfering signal based on


signal strength

RSSI

Measure signal strength over time


Measure the signal up to 72 hours

Signal Strength

Power Measurements
For power measurements the BTS Master will be
connected to the base station directly.
(connect directly to RF out with an attenuator
or use Test/Monitor connector)
Use a 30 or 40 dB attenuator on RF output
Base Station

Transmit
Receive
BTS
Master

Power Measurements

Power Meter (base model)


Channelized power meter
Only measure actual channel
Based on spectrum analyzer circuitry
Calculated from real shape
No external probe required

Pass/Fail view
Set Pass/Fail tolerance
Easy Red or Green display

Power Meter

Power Monitor (Option)

For Microwave Backhaul


Broadband power
Can measure power up to 50 GHz
Needs external detector

Power Monitor is mutually exclusive with T1/E1 option

Power Monitor

Channel Scanner

Applications
Measure multiple channels transmitted
signals power
Easy setup for channel equalization
Precise channel leveling improves
system performance
Easy Uplink, Downlink view

Display
Display 20 channels power as bar graphs
or in table format
Sequential Scan
Stepped Channel Scan
Custom Scan
Uplink/Downlink Scan

Max Hold
See Max hold of each channel
Display either current or max value

Bit Error Rate Measurements


For T1 measurements the BTS Master will be
connected to the base stations Network interface
directly.
(direct connect for Testing or Monitoring)
BTS
Master

Switch Center

Base Station
Backhaul
T1/E1

Network
Interface
Card

Channel Service Unit

Transmit
Receive

Network Interface Card

T1/E1 Measurements

Capabilities

Carrier, frame sync and pattern sync have


color LED indicators.
Frequency of the E1 or T1 carrier is
displayed
Make BERT measurements
Histogram display for fault correlation
Send Loop codes
Can listen to VF channels

Analyzer
ITU-T G.821 analysis

Errored seconds
Severely errored seconds
Unavailable seconds
Available seconds
Error free seconds
Degraded minutes

Test Mode
DS1

Rx

Signal
Frame Sync
Pattern Sync

Line Code
B8ZS

DS1

Alarms
Errors
B8ZS

Tx

Alarm On
Error On
Loop On

DS1

Signal Setup
Test Mode
: DS1
Line Code
: B8ZS
Tx Clock
: Internal
Tx LBO
: 0dB
Rx Input
: Terminate
Framing
: ESF

Tx Clock
Internal
Rx Level
Terminate
Framing
ESF
Payload
1.544Mb
Pattern
PRBS-23

AUTO

Error/Alarm
Bit
Loop Code
Line Data Link

Configuration

Test Mode
DS1
Line Code
B8ZS

Pattern/Loop

H
Rx
Signal
ChFrame
Power
Sync ( dBm)

Pattern Sync

Error/Alarm

DS1

Alarms
Errors
B8ZS

Measurements

Tx

Alarm On
Error On
Loop On

BERT

Tx Clock
Internal

Start/Stop

BERT

VF

Rx Level
Terminate
-6.0dB

Framing
ESF

Results OK

Payload
64Kb
Pattern
PRBS-9

Measurement
Time
Manual

Error/Alarm
Bit

Clear
History

PATL

Loop Code
Line Data Link

Start Time = 03.00.00- 12.31.06


Rx = 6.5 Vpp ( 0.8 dBdsx )
Measurement Time = Manual Elapsed Time = 3 hr 59 min 10 sec
Configuration

Pattern/Loop

Error/Alarm

Measurements

Save Results
Start/Stop

PC and LAN connectivity


The MT8222A includes the Master Software Tool
program for management of all results on the PC
The BTS Master has both USB and Ethernet
connectivity easy retrieval of results data
The Flash Memory Card (included) can store
64Mbyte of data

BTS
Master

Base Station

Transmit
Receive

Master Software Tools 1

Easy access to traces/results


2000 plus stored results in instrument

The user can


View multiple traces/results
Zoom into a trace in both amplitude and
frequency
Overlay traces on one graph
Save traces/results on computer

GPS support with maps


Requires Microsoft Map point program
View Map with GPS info and Data

Report Feature

All the measurement parameters are listed


Export graphic files for use in other programs
Export text data files for use in spreadsheets
Print graphs on any local or network printer

Master Software Tools 2

All editors are combined

Signal standard Editor,


Antenna table Editor,
Cable table Editor,
Language Editor, 7 standard plus 2 custom
Pass/Fail Editor for Test model set-ups
All editors allow editing and upload into the
instrument

Installation options for:


Users Guide, Programming Manual, App.
notes, Copy of current firmware version,
Measurement conversion utility, Remote
Access tool, Dot Net Framework

Integrated codeloader with automatic


web updates

Under Tools, webupdate

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