Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Team Members
Rakshitha Suvarna
S R Dhanush
Shreeraksha Shetty Sushmitha Acharya
4MW12EC059 4MW12EC065
4MW12EC075 4MW12EC088
Contents
Objective
Literature Survey
Methodology
MATLAB toolbox
Viola-Jones algorithm
System implementation
Applications
References
Objective
In this project we aim to build an Attendance marking system with the
help of facial recognition owing to the difficulty in the manual as well as
other traditional means of attendance system.
Literature Survey
Fast Face Recognition Using Eigen Faces [2], (Arun Vyas, Rajbala
Tokas)
Robust Real-Time Face Detection [3], ( Paul Viola and Michael J. Jones)
Methodology
The students whose faces are recognized are marked as present and the
results are transferred to an excel sheet automatically
MATLAB
MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a
multi-paradigm numerical computing
environment and fourth-generation
programming language. Its one of the
easiest and most productive software
development
engineers.
environment
for
Spreadsheet Link Ex
Viola-Jones Algorithm
1.
2.
3.
Cascade classifiers
Integral Image
First step of the Viola-Jones face detection algorithm is to turn the input image into an integral
image. This is done by making each pixel equal to the entire sum of all pixels above and to the left
of the concerned pixel.
111
111
111
Input image
123
246
369
Integral image
AdaBoost Algorithm
As stated above there can be calculated approximately 160.000 feature values within a
detector at base resolution.
A weak classifier is
Where x is a 24*24 pixel sub-window, f is the applied feature, p the polarity and t the
threshold that decides whether x should be classified as a positive (a face) or a negative
(a non-face)..
Cascade Classifiers
Face is a typical multidimensional structure and needs good computational analysis for
recognition
This problem is solved by the method called Principal Component Analysis or so called
eigen face approach.
This approach transforms faces into a small set of essential characteristics, eigenfaces, which
are the main components of the initial set of learning images (training set).
Recognition is done by projecting a new image in the eigenface subspace, after which the
person is classified by comparing its position in eigenface space with the position of known
individuals
The first thing we need to do is to form a training data set. 2D image Ii can be
represented as a 1D vector by concatenating rows . Image is transformed into a vector
of length N = mxn.
First we determine the vector of mean values , and then subtract that vector from
each image vector.
Averaged
vectors are arranged to form a new training matrix (size NxM)
The next step is to calculate the covariance matrix C, and find its eigenvectors and eigenvalues
Where
If i and i are eigenvectors and eigen values of matrix C, eigenvector associated with the highest
eigenvalue reflects the highest variance, and the one associated with the lowest eigenvalue, the
smallest variance.
Therefore, the vectors should be sorted by eigenvalues so that the first vector corresponds to the
highest eigenvalue .
These vectors are then normalized. They form the new matrix E so that each vector is a column vector.
The dimensions of this matrix are NXD, where D represents the desired number of eigenvectors.
The
last step is the recognition of faces.
Image of the person we want to find in training set is transformed into a vector P, reduced by
the mean value and projected with a matrix of eigenvectors (eigenfaces)
Classification is done by determining the distance, i, between and each vector of matrix Y.
Where
If A and B are two vectors of length D, the Euclidean distance between them is determined as
follows
If the minimum distance between test face and training faces is higher than a threshold , the
test face is considered to be unknown; otherwise it is known and belongs to the person in the
database.
System Implementation
System Flowchart
Start
Image Processing
Image Processing
Start
Capture image
Results and
Analysis
Face Recognition
Output in MS Excel
Pros
Easy integration
Simple algorithm
Saves time
Cons
Applications
Virtual classrooms
Future Scope
The system we have developed has successfully able to accomplish the task
of marking the attendance in the classroom automatically and output
obtained in an excel sheet as desired in real time. Another important aspect
where we can work is towards creating an online data base of the
attendance and its automatic updating, keeping in mind growing
popularity of internet of things.
Conclusion
In the system we have implemented an attendance system for a lecture,
section or laboratory by which lecturer or teaching assistant can record
student attendance. Its saves time and effort, especially if it is a lecture with
huge number of students.
References
[1] M. T. a. A. Pentland, "Eigenfaces For Recognition," Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 1, 1991.
[2] A. V. a. R. Tokas, "Fast Face Recognition Using Eigen Faces," IJRITCC, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 3615-3618, November 2014.
[3] Paul Viola and Michael J. Jones, "Robust Real-Time Face Detection," International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 57, no. 2, pp.
137-154, May 2004.
[4] N. J. M. M. K. a. H. A. Mayank Agarwal, "Face Recognition Using Eigenface approach," IRCSE, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1793-8201,
August 2010.
Thank You