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Oxides of Carbon

-Nikhil Mark Lakra


14/IBT/027

The simplest and most common oxocarbons


arecarbon monoxide(CO) andcarbon
dioxide(CO2). There are other
metastableoxides of carbon, but they are
rarely encountered, such ascarbon
suboxide(C3O2) andmellitic
anhydride(C12O9).

Carbon Monoxide
It is formed by
incomplete
combustion of
carbon and carbon
containing fuels.
High temperature
and limited supply
of air or O2 favour
the formation of
CO.

In Laboratory CO is prepared by
Dehydration of formic acid by conc. H2SO4

HCOOH

H2O + CO

By passing carbon dioxide over heated carbon.

CO2 + C

2CO

Properties & Uses


Carbon monoxide is colourless, odourless &
highly flammable . CO is extremely
poisonous since binds tightly to the iron
atom of the haemoglobin in red blood cells,
thereby, inhibiting their ability to bind with
oxygen and carry it to the brain and other
parts of the body tissues.

In Industry, CO forms and important


constituent of fuel gases like water gas (CO +
H2), producer gas (CO + N2) etc.
Water gas or synthesis gas is prepared by
passing steam over red hot coke.

C + H2O

CO + H2

(steam)

Producer gas is prepared by passing air over red


hot coke.

2C + O2 + 4N2

CO + 4N2

It is a powerful reducing agent.


It reduces metal oxides to corresponding metals
e.g.,

Fe2O3 + 3CO

2Fe + 3CO2

It reduces ammonaical AgNO3 to metallic Ag.

2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + OH- + CO
+H2O + 4NH3

2Ag + CO2

It is used for manufacturing methyl alcohols,


formic acid etc.

Carbon dioxide
It is the principal
product oxide of
carbon formed from
the combustion of
hydrocarbon fuels
It is a colourless,
odourless gas
heavier than air.
Unlike CO, it is nonpoisonous.

It can also be obtained by


heating metal carbonates ( other than those of
alkali earth metals).
Heat

ZnCO3

ZnO + CO2

Heat

MgCO3

MgO + CO2

treating any metallic carbonate with dilute mineral


acids

CaCO3 + 2HCl

CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

Commercially CO2 is produced as a by-product


of ammonia manufacture for which H2 is
obtained from water gas.
CO + H2O
(From water gas)

CO2 + H2

Properties
It is slightly soluble in in water. When
dissolved in water, some of the molecules
react with water to form carbonic acid.
H2O + CO2

H2CO3

In a solution with grater part of the dissolves CO2


remains loosely hydrated. H2CO3 or carbonic acid is
weak dibasic acid.

With ammonia, it forms Urea


CO2 +2NH3 NH2CO2NH4 CO(NH2)2 + H2O

Carbon dioxide reacts with alkalis to give


carbonates and bicarbonates.
CO2 + NaOH
NaHCO3
Sodium Bicarbonate

Solid carbon dioxide (i.e. in the form of dry


ice) are used in processes requiring large
scale refrigeration.
Carbon dioxide is also used in fire
extinguishers as a desirable alternative to
water for most fires.

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