Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRAINING
at
MEJIA THERMAL POWER STATION
P.O. MEJIA, DIST. BANKURA
WEST BENGAL-722183
OF
DAMODAR VALLEY
CORPORATION
(D.V.C.)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION OF MTPS
OVERVIEW OF A
THERMAL POWER PLANT
MECHANICAL OPERATION
The coal handling plant is used to store, transport and distribute coal which comes
from the mine. The coal is delivered either through a conveyor belt system or by
rail
or road transport. The bulk storage of coal at the power station is important for the
continues supply of fuel. Usually the stockpiles are divided into three main
categories.
live storage
emergency storage
long term compacted stockpile.
The figure below shows the schematic representation of the coal handling plant.
Firstly the coal gets deposited into the track hopper from the wagon and then via
the
paddle feeder it goes to the conveyer belt#1A. Secondly via the transfer port the
coal
goes to another conveyer belt#2B and then to the crusher house. The coal after
being
crushed goes to the stacker via the conveyer belt#3 for being stacked or reclaimed
and finally to the desired unit. ILMS is the inline magnetic separator where all the
magnetic particles associated with coal get separated.
WATER TREATMENT
PLANT
Raw water supply:
Raw water received at the thermal power plant is passed through Water
Treatment Plant
to separate suspended impurities and dissolved gases including organic
substance and then through De-mineralised Plant to separate
soluble impurities.
Deaeration:
In this process, the raw water is sprayed over cascade aerator in which
water flows
downwards over many steps in the form of thin waterfalls. Cascading
increases surface area water to facilitate easy separation of
dissolved undesirable gases (like hydrogen sulphide, ammonia,
volatile organic compound etc.) or to help in oxygenation of mainly
ferrous ions in presence of atmospheri oxygen to ferric ions.
Coagulation:
Coagulation takes place in clariflocculator. Coagulant destabilises
suspended
solids and agglomerates them into heavier floc, which is separated out
through
sedimentation. Prime chemicals used for coagulation are alum, poly-
Chlorination:
Neutral organic matter is very heterogeneous i.e. it contains many classes of high
molecular weight organic compounds. Humic substances constitute a major portion of
the dissolved organic carbon from surface waters. They are complex mixtures of
organic compounds with relatively unknown structures and chemical composition
BOILER SYSTEM
Working principle of Boiler (Steam Generator): In Boiler, steam is generated from
demineralized water by the addition of heat. The heat added has two parts:
sensible heat and latent heat. The sensible heat raises the temperature and
pressure of water as well as steam. The latent heat converts water into steam
(phase change). This conversion is also known as boiling of water, which is
dependent on pressure and corresponding temperature. Thermodynamically,
boiling is a process of heat addition to water at constant pressure &
temperature. The quantity of latent heat decreases with increase in pressure of
water and it becomes zero at 221.06 bars. This pressure is termed as critical
pressure. The steam generators are designated as sub-critical or super critical
based on its working pressure as below critical or above critical pressure. The
steam, thus formed is dry & saturated. Further, addition of heat raises the
temperature and pressure of steam, which is known as superheated steam. The
differential specific weight between steam and water provides the driving force
for natural circulation during the steam generation process. This driving force
considerably reduces at pressure around 175 Kg/cm2 and is not able to
overcome the frictional resistance of its flow path. For this, forced or assisted
circulation is employed at higher sub-critical pressure range due to the reason of
economy. But, at supercritical pressures and above, circulation is forced one
(such boiler is called once through boiler).
Superheater:
Superheaters (SH) are meant for elevating the steam temperature above
the saturation temperature in phases; so that maximum work can be
extracted from high energy (enthalpy) steam and after expansion in
Turbine, the dryness fraction does not reach below 80%, for avoiding
Turbine blade erosion/damage and attaining maximum Turbine internal
efficiency. Steam from Boiler Drum passes through primary superheater
placed in the convective zone of the furnace, then through platen
superheater placed in the radiant zone of furnace and thereafter, through
final superheater placed in the convective zone. The superheated steam
at requisite pressure and temperature is taken out of boiler to rotate
turbo-generator
Reheater:
In order to improve the cycle efficiency, HP turbine exhaust steam is
taken back to boiler to increase temperature by reheating process. The
steam is passed through Reheater, placed in between final superheater
bank of tubes & platen SH and finally taken out of boiler to extract work
out of it in the IP and LP turbine.
De-superheater (Attemperator):
Though superheaters are designed to maintain requisite steam temperature,
it is necessary to use de-superheater to control steam temperature. Feed
water, generally taken before feed water control station, is used for desuperheating steam to control its temperature at desired level.
PRECIPITATOR
BOILER AUXILIARIES
fan):
STEAM TURBINE
A steam turbine is a prime mover which continuously converts the energy of high
pressure, high temperature steam supplied by the boiler into shaft work with low
pressure, low temperature steam exhausted to a condenser.
Cooling tower
Cooling towers cool the warm water discharged from the condenser and
feed the cooled water backto the condenser. They thus reduce the
cooling water demand in the power plants. Wet coolingtowers could be
mechanically draught or natural draught. In M.T.P.S the cooling towers
are I.D.type for units 1-6 and natural draught for units 7&8.
CHIMNEY
CONCLUSION
The practical experience that I have gathered during the overview training of
large thermal power plant having a large capacity of 2340 MW for Unit# I to
VIII in three weeks will be very useful as a stepping stone in building bright
professional career in future life. It gave me large spectrum to utilize the
theoretical knowledge and to put it into practice. The trouble shooting
activities in operation and decision making in case of crisis made me more
confident to work in the industrial atmosphere.
Moreover, this overview training has also given a self realization & hands-on
experience in developing the personality, interpersonal relationship with the
professional executives, staffs and to develop the leadership ability in industry
dealing with workers of all categories.
I would like to thank everybody who has been a part of this project, without
whom this project would never be completed with such ease.