HISTORICAL CONTEXT: EUROPE DURING

MAGELLAN'S TIME

FERDINAND MAGELLAN

 Commercial Revolution
Crusaders, missionaries,
Polo brothers
Oriental products: silk, tapestries,
drugs, spices
Long trade routes to the orient
City of Constantinople was captured
by muslim turks
Venetian monopoly

THE DEMARCATION LINE

POPE ALEXANDER VI

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS (1494)

WEST: SPAIN
EAST: PORTUGAL

KING JOHN II
KING FERDINAND IIQUEEN
ISABELLA I

Timeline

August 10 1519
September 20, 1519
September 26, 1519
March 1521
March 16, 1521
March 31, 1521
April 7, 1521
April 14, 1521
April 28, 1521
Sept 6, 1522

April 22, 1529

February 13, 1565
April 27, 1565
1569
1570
1570
1571 middle
May 19 1571
June 3 1571
June 24, 1571

 March 1521- Magellan Expedition reached Islas

Ladronez/s
On March 16, 1521, Magellan's expedition landed
on Homonhon island in the Philippines.
March 31, 1521-First Mass in the Philippin
April 7, 1521: Magellan arrives at Cebu and
befriends Rajah Humabon, ruler of Cebu. A
significant number of Cebu natives are converted
to Catholicism.
On April 17, 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan and
ensuing battle killed Magellan by the natives lead
by Lapu-Lapu.

April 28, 1521-Magellan is killed in battle on Mactan Island

by Lapu-Lapu. Disputes over women cause deterioration of
Spaniard-Cebuano relations and 27 Spaniards are killed.
The remaining Spaniards depart.
Sept. 6, 1522- Of the five ships that departed Spain with
Magellan, only one ship returns with a crew of 18. The
voyage however, is a success and the ship's cargo makes a
profit of 105%.

 1529. Saavedra's expedition returns to Spain

without Saavedra who died on the way home.
1565, Feb 13. With four ships and 380 men,
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi arrives in the
Philippines.
1565, May 8. The Island of Cebu is surrendered
to Legaspi by its ruler King Tupas. Legaspi
establishes the first permanent Spanish
settlement on Cebu and becomes the first
Spanish Governor-General. By his order, tributes
are collected from all Filipino males aged 19 to
60.

 1570, May. Legaspi sends an expedition under

the leadership of Martin de Goiti to Manila. Manila
is ruled by Rajah Suliman, whose friendship is
won by de Goiti.
1571, May 19. Rajah Suliman wages war against
the Spaniards due to a move by de Goiti which he
mistakes for an assault. De Goiti's army defeats
Suliman's troops and occupies the town.
1571,
Jun
24.
Legaspi
establishes
his
government in Manila and proclaims it the
capital of the Philippines, calling it the
"distinguished and ever loyal city".

MAGELLAN'S JOURNEY
VICTORIA

TRINIDAD

SAN ANTONIO

CONCEPCION

SANTIAGO

Significance of Magellan's Journey

To the World
ESTABLISHED THAT THE WORLD IS
ROUND
CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE
WORLD

To the Philippines
THE FIRST
MASS

LOCATING THE ARCHIPELAGO IN

EUROPEAN/WORLD MAP

INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY

POST-MAGELLAN EXPEDITIONS
1. LOAISA EXPEDITION (1525)
CONTINGENT: 7 SHIPS & 450 MEN
RESULTS: FAILURE TO REACH RP
2. CABOT EXPEDITION (1526)
CONTINGENT: 4 SHIPS & 250 MEN
RESULTS: FAILURE TO REACH RP
3. SAAVEDRA EXPEDITION (1527)
CONTINGENT: 3 SHIPS & 110 MEN
RESULTS: REACHED MINDANAO BUT FAILED TO
4. COLONIZE
VILLALOBOS EXPEDITION
CONTINGENT: 6 SHIPS & 200 MEN
RESULTS: REACHED MINDANAO BUT FAILED TO COLONIZE
RUY LOPEZ DE VILLALOBOS NAMED AS ISLAS
FILIPINAS
IN HONOR OF KING PHILIP II

PART II
THE SPANISH COLONIZATION

MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI

& COLONIZATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

WHO IS MIGUEL LOPEZ

DE LEGAZPI?
BORN IN 1502 DIED 1572
HE WAS BORN OF A NOBLE FAMILY IN THE BASQUE
PROVINCEOF GUIPOZCOA IN SPAIN
A SPANISH BORN SOLDIER & LAWYER
BETWEEN 1526-1527, HE WORKED AS
COUNCILOR IN
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT OF HIS TOWN
WORKED AS LEADER OF FINANCIAL DEPT. & CIVIL
GOVERNOR OF MEXICO
ESTABLISHED FIRST COLONY IN THE PHILIPPINES IN 1565.

LEGAZPI'S ACHIEVEMENTS
Peace Accord with Local Leaders:
Blood Compacts
Conquest & establishment of Cebu
as the oldest Spanish City
Conquest of Panay and other Islands
Founding of the City of Manila

The Famous Blood Compact of Legazpi

with Sikatuna
in Bohol

REASONS FOR COLONIZATION: THE 3 Gs

GOD

THE CONVERSION OF NATIVES TO CHRISTIANITY

GOLD
ACCUMULATION OF GOLD
OR WEALTH
GLORY
SUPREMACY OF SPAIN
OVER PORTUGAL AS A

Easy pacification of the Philippines

Barangays were scattered and were
not united
Diversity of language
Willingness to cooperate with the
Spaniards
Superiority of Spanish arms and in
the art of warfare
Divided and rule system
God/The Church

The Spaniards as Colonial Masters

 Spain reigned over the Philippines for 333 years,

from 1565 to 1898.
Spain was far from the country, the Spanish king
ruled the Islands through the viceroy of Mexico,
which was then another Spanish colony.
When Mexico regained its freedom in 1821, the
Spanish king ruled the Philippines through a
governor general.
A special government body that oversaw matters,
pertaining to the colonies assisted the king in this
respect.
This body became known by many names. Council of
the Indies (1565-1837), Overseas Council (1837-1863),
and Ministry of the Colonies (18631898). It is
implemented the decrees and legal codes.

The Political Structure

Spain established a centralized
colonial government.
Composed of a national government
and the local governments that
administered provinces, cities, towns
and municipalities.
With the cooperation of the local
governments the national
government maintained peace and
order, collected taxes and built

King of
Spain
The Visita

Residencia

Royal
Audiencia

The
Governor
General
Corrigimie
nto

Alcadia

Pueblos

Barrios

The Governor General

King's representative and the highest-ranking official
in the Philippines,
Sees to it that royal decrees and laws emanating
from Spain were implemented in the Philippines.
He had the power to appoint and dismiss public
officials, except those personally chosen by the King.
He also supervised all government offices and the
collection of taxes.
The governor general exercised certain legislative
powers, as well. He issued proclamations to facilitate
the implementation of laws.

The Residencia
A special judicial court that
investigates the performance of a
governor general who was about to
be replaced.
The residencia, of which the
incoming governor general was
usually a member, submitted a
report of its findings to the King.

The Visita
The Council of the Indies in Spain
sent a government official called the
Vistador General to observe
conditions in the colony.
The Visitador General reported his
findings directly to the King.

The Royal Audiencia

Apart from its judicial functions,
Served as an advisory body to the Governor
General and had the power to check and
report on his abuses.
The Audiencia also audited the
expenditures of the colonial government
and sent a yearly report to Spain.
The Archbishop and other government
officials could also report the abuses of the
colonial government to the Spanish king.

The Provincial Government

There were two types of local government units the
1.)alcadia and the 2.)corregimiento.
The alcadia, led by the alcalde mayor, governed the
provinces that had been fully subjugated:
the corregimiento, headed by corregidor, governed the
provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.
The alcalde mayors represented the Spanish king and the
governor general in their respective provinces. They
managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial
government, implemented laws and supervised the
collection of taxes. Through they were paid a small salary,
they enjoyed privileges such as the indulto de comercio,
or the right to participate in the galleon trade.

The Municipal Government

Each province was divided into several towns
or pueblos headed by Gobernadordcillos,
whose main concerns were efficient
governance and tax collection.
Four lieutenants aided the Governardorcillo:
the Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant), the
Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant), the
Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the
fields) and the Teniente de Ganados
(lieutenant of the livestock).

BARRIO (Barrangay)
Headed by a Cabeza de Barangay
Did not received any salary
Given part of the tax collected in his
baranggay

The Encomienda System

King Philip II instructed Legazpi to divide the

Philippines into large territories called
encomiendas, to be left to the management of
designated encomenderos.

To show his gratitude to his conquistadors, the

King made them the first encomenderos in the
colony.
As the Kings representatives in their respective
encomiendas, the encomenderos had the right to
collect taxes.
The encomiendas were not there to own.

The encomenderos were only

territorial overseers who had the duty
to:
1.) protect the people in the
encomienda;
2.) maintain peace and order;
3.) promote education and health
programs; and
4.) help the missionaries propagate
Christianity