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PHYSICAL METALLURGY
Non-Ferrous Metals
Aluminium and its Alloys
Physical Properties
Solubility
S o l u b i l i t y o f e of
l e m elements
e n t s i n a l u m i n in
i u m Al
Mg, Cu, Zn and Si
are the most
M g , C u , Z n a n d S i a re th e
m commonly
o s t c o m m o n l y uused
s e d a llo y in g
e l ealloying
m e n t s i n a elements
l u m i n i u m , w h iin
ch
h a aluminium,
v e s u f f i c i e n t s o l iwhich
d s o lu b ility .
Chave
r , M n asufficient
n d Z r a r e u s esolid
d
p r solubility.
im a r ily to fo r m c o m p o u n d s
i c h cMn
o n t r oand
l g r a i Zr
n s t rare
u c tu re .
w hCr,
used primarily to
form compounds
which control grain
structure.
S u r a n a r e e U n iv e r s ity o f T e c h n o lo g y
M a y -A u g
200
Designation
Wrought Alloys
1xx
x
Commercially pure
Not aged
Al (>99% Al)
2xx
x
Al-Cu
Age
hardenable
3xx
x
Al-Mn
Not aged
Age
hardenable
if Mg is
present
4xx
x
5xx
x
Al-Mg
Not aged
6xx
x
Al-Mg-Si
Age
hardenable
Casting Alloys
1xx.x
Commercially pure
Not aged
Al (<99%Al)
2xx.x Al-Cu
3xx.x
Al-Si-Cu or Al-MgSi
Age
hardenable
4xx.x Al-Si
Not aged
5xx.x Al-Mg
Not aged
7xx.x Al-Mg-Zn
Age
hardenable
8xx.x Al-Sn
Age
hardenable
Temper Designation
H Strain Hardened (Cold worked)
H1x
H2x
H3x
Strain hardened and stabilized. Tempers for age-softening AlMg alloys that are strain-hardened and then heated at a low
temperature to increase ductility and stabilized mechanical
properties.
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
GP-II zones
Tetragonal structure
Coherent with the {100} of the matrix
1 4 nm thick and 10 100 nm in
diameter
phase
Nucleates heterogeneously, especially on
dislocations
Incoherent in the matrix
Tetragonal structure with a thickness of
10 to 150 nm
phase
Incoherent in the matrix and has the
composition CuAl2
BCT structure (a = 0.607 nm, c =
0.487 nm)
p u r ity b in a r y a lu m
N o t e : Z in c h a s h ig h s o lu b ilit y b u