FACES OF

THE
INTERNET

The Internet is a global system of interconnected

computer networks that use the standard Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users
worldwide.

WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

It is a network of networks that consists of millions of
private, public, academic, business, and government
networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad
array of electronic, wireless and optical networking
technologies.

The Internet carries an extensive range of information

resources and services, such as the inter-linked
hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW)
and the infrastructure to support email.

History:
The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the
1950s. The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the Internet
when a message was sent over the ARPANet from computer science Professor
Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), after
the second piece of network equipment was installed at Stanford Research Institute
(SRI). Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK,
CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and
early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the
development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks
could be joined together into a network of networks.In 1982, the Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a world-wide network of
interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced. Access to the
ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF)
developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET
provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and
education organizations. CommercialInternet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge
in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. The
Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing
the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.Since the mid1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce, including
the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice
over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the
World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online
shopping sites.

The internet protocol suite:

The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols used
for the Internet and similar networks, and generally the most popular
protocol stack for wide area networks. It is commonly known as
TCP/IP, because of its most important protocols: Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), which were the
first networking protocols defined in this standard. TCP provides a
communication service at an intermediate level between an
application program and the Internet Protocol (IP).The Internet
Protocol is responsible for addressing hosts and for routing
datagrams (packets) from a source host to a destination host across
one or more IP networks. For this purpose, the Internet Protocol
defines the format of packets and provides an addressing system
that has two functions: identifying hosts and providing a logical
location service. The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol
Version 4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the internet. Its
successor is Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6).

How TCP/IP protocol works:

The domain name system:

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming
system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the
Internet or a private network. It associates various information with
domain names assigned to each of te participating entities. Most
prominently, it translates easily memorised domain names to the
numerical IP addresses needed for the purpose of locating computer
services and devices worldwide. By providing a worldwide, distributed
keyword-based redirection service, the Domain Name System is an
essential component of the functionality of the Internet.An often-used
analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the
phone book for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer
hostnames into IP addresses. For example, the domain name
www.example.com translates to the addresses 192.0.43.10 (IPv4) and
2001:500:88:200::10 (IPv6). Unlike a phone book, the DNS can be
quickly updated, allowing a service's location on the network to
change without affecting the end users, who continue to use the same
host name. Users take advantage of this when they use meaningful
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and e-mail addresses without
having to know how the computer actually locates the services.

Connection Types:

PSTN
ISDN
Cable Internet/Cable Modem
DSL