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Spectral Decomposition
Outline
Wavelet
w(t)
Noise
n(t)
Amplitude
Amplitude
Seismic Trace
s(t)
Travel Time
Reflectivity
r(t)
TIME
DOMAIN
Amplitude
Frequency
Frequency
FREQUENCY
DOMAIN
Frequency
Amplitude
Frequency
Fourier Transform
Wavelet
w(t)
Noise
n(t)
Amplitude
Amplitude
Seismic Trace
s(t)
Travel Time
Reflectivity
r(t)
TIME
DOMAIN
Amplitude
Frequency
Frequency
FREQUENCY
DOMAIN
Frequency
Amplitude
Frequency
Fourier Transform
Wavelet
Overprint
Spectral Interference
Spectral Interference
Source Wavelet
Amplitude Spectrum
Source
Wavelet
Fourier
Transform
Fourier
Transform
Frequency
Frequency
Amplitude
1
Temporal Thickness
Acoustic Reflectivity
Impedance
Thin Bed
Temporal Thickness
SPECTRAL
AMPLITUDES
FILTERED
REFLECTIVITY
(Ormsby 8-10-40-50 Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
REFLECTIVITY
10
40
50
100
Temporal Thickness
200
10
40
50
100
200
10
100
40
50
Amplitude
0.0015
0
1
Temporal Thickness
200
Amplitude spectrum of 10ms blocky bed
Amplitude spectrum of 50ms blocky bed
10Hz spectral amplitude
50Hz spectral amplitude
0.0014
0.0012
Amplitude
0.0010
0.0008
Pf = 1/t
where:
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
Frequency (Hz)
SPECTRAL
AMPLITUDES
FILTERED
REFLECTIVITY
(Ormsby 8-10-40-50 Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
REFLECTIVITY
10
40
50
100
Temporal Thickness
200
10
40
50
100
200
10
100
40
50
Amplitude
0.0015
0
1
Temporal Thickness
200
Amplitude spectrum of 10ms blocky bed
Amplitude spectrum of 50ms blocky bed
10Hz spectral amplitude
50Hz spectral amplitude
0.0014
0.0012
Amplitude
0.0010
0.0008
Pt = 1/f
where:
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
10
20
30
40
50
Interpreted
3-D Seismic Volume
Subset
y
Zone-of-Interest
Subvolume
x
z
Compute
y
Zone-of-Interest
Tuning Cube
(cross-section view)
x
freq
Animate
y
Frequency Slices
through Tuning Cube
(plan view)
x
freq
Tuning Cube
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
Multiply
y
x
freq
Seismic Wavelet
Add
y
x
freq
Noise
Wavelet
w(t)
Noise
n(t)
Amplitude
Amplitude
Seismic Trace
s(t)
Travel Time
Reflectivity
r(t)
TIME
DOMAIN
Amplitude
Frequency
Frequency
FREQUENCY
DOMAIN
Frequency
Amplitude
Frequency
Fourier Transform
Wavelet
Overprint
Spectral Balancing
Tuning Cube
y
x
freq
Frequency 1
y
x
Frequency 2
y
x
Frequency 3
y
x
Frequency 4
y
x
Frequency n
y
x
Independently Normalize
Each Frequency Map
Spectrally Balanced
Frequency Slices
through Tuning Cube
(plan view)
Frequency 1
y
x
Frequency 2
y
x
Frequency 3
y
x
Frequency 4
y
x
Frequency n
y
x
y
x
freq
Tuning Cube
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
Add
y
x
freq
Noise
Response Amplitude
Channel A
Fault-Controlled Channel
Amplitude
1
Point Bar
Channel B
Gulf of Mexico Example
10,000 ft
Channel A
North-South Extent
of Channel A Delineation
Fault-Controlled Channel
Amplitude
1
Point Bar
Channel B
Gulf of Mexico Example
10,000 ft
Channel A
North-South Extent
of Channel A Delineation
Fault-Controlled Channel
Amplitude
1
Point Bar
Channel B
Gulf of Mexico Example
10,000 ft
Amplitude Spectrum
Phase Spectrum
Phase
Fourier
Transform
Frequency
Amplitude
Frequency
Response Phase
Faults
Phase
180
-180
N
Gulf of Mexico Example
10,000 ft
Faults
Phase
180
-180
N
Gulf of Mexico Example
10,000 ft
Faults
Phase
180
-180
N
Gulf of Mexico Example
10,000 ft
y
x
z=1
z=n
Compute
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
y
x
freq
z=1
z=2
z=3
z=4
z=5
z=6
z=n
Subset
Discrete Frequency
Energy Cubes
y
x
Frequency 1
z=1 y
x
z
z=1 y
x
z
z=1
z=n
z=n
z=n
Frequency 2
Frequency 3
y
x
z=1
z
y
x
z=n
Frequency 4
z=1
z=n
Frequency m
Summary