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Types Of Automobile
Emission
Exhaust Emissions are produced by cars, buses, and
motorcycles.
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Sources of Automobile
Emission
Photochemical Smog
Action of sunlight upon the exhaust gases to form pollutants
harmful at low altitudes
Mixture of air pollutants
Nitrogen oxides (NOX)
Ozone
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN)
A major concern in urban cities-capable of travelling with wind
affecting huge population
Pollutants in Photochemical S
Ozone
PAN
Important contributor to photochemical smog
Produce O,
O3
O + O2 + M O3 + M
NO + O3 NO2 + O2
RH - hydrocarbon
R* - HC radical
R - methyl CH3
PAN CH3
NO
Temperature Inversion
Increase of air temperature
with height for some distance
above
ground causing the smog
Emission standards
Emission standardsare requirements that
set
specific
limits
to
the
amount
ofpollutantsthat can be released into the
environment. Many emissions standards focus
on
regulating
pollutants
released
byautomobiles(motor
cars)
and
other
poweredvehiclesbut they can also regulate
emissions fromindustry, power plants, small
equipment such as lawn mowers and
dieselgenerators.
Vehicle emission performance standard:
Anemission performance standardis a limit
that sets thresholds above which a different
type of emission control technology might be
History
For 2-and 3-wheelers, Bharat Stage II (Euro 2) was made applicable from April 1, 2005 and
Stage III (Euro 3) standards came in force from April 1, 2010
DIESEL
CNG
LPG/ELEC
No Specifications
June
1994
Before 1996
0.15 g/l
(4 metro)
5%
April
1995
Unleaded
4 metros
April 1996
3% in Metro cities
Jan
1997
Low leaded
Entire Country
April 2000
Jan
1999
Unleaded
NCR
Unleaded
Country
Nov. 2000
Feb
200
0
1 % in
NCT &
Mumbai
April
1996
August 1997
Sulphur 0.25%
Metro cities
April 1998
Sulphur 0.25%
Entire Country
Sulphur 0.05%
Mumbai
Jan 2000
Sulphur 0.05%
NCR
Jan 2001
June 2001
July 2001
Sulphur 0.05%
Chennai & Kolkata
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