BATCH TIMING:

11 am to 3 pm
 SASWAT KUMAR
SARANGI
Roll No. 21

ERO0113967
 Internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks that interchange data by
packet switching using the standardized
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).

It is a "network of networks" that consists

of millions of private and public, academic,
business, and government networks of local
to global scope that are linked by copper
wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless
connections, and other technologies.

The Internet carries various information

resources and services, such as electronic
4
mail, online chat, file transfer and file
Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) or the US
Department of Defense linked
together mainframe computers
to form a communications
network.
7
 Number of Hosts on the Internet

100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1000000000

Aug-81

Aug-83

Aug-85

Aug-87

Aug-89

Aug-91

Aug-93

Aug-95

Aug-97

Aug-99

Aug-01
Source: Internet Software Consortium

9
 Age of
eCommerce
Mosaic Begins
WWW Created 1995
InternetCreated 1993
Named 1989
and
Goes
TCP/IP TCP/IP
Created 1984
ARPANET 1972
1969
Hypertext
Invented
Packet 1965
Switching
First Vast Invented
Computer 1964
Network
SiliconEnvisioned
A Chip 1962
Mathematical1958
Theory of
MemexCommunication
Conceived 1948
1945

1945 1995
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11
 The Internet workings include a technical struture and a
management structure.
 The management structure consists of a democratic
collection of loosely-coupled organizations and
working groups.
 The technical structure of the Internet is made up of a
mix of hierarchical systems, like IP addresses and
domain names, and network systems all tied together
with millions of lines of sophisticated software that
continues to get better all the time.
So far this combination of management and
technical structures has worked well,
providing the reliable, powerful communication
platform on which the rest of the
complexity of the Internet is built.
 WORKING OF WORLD WIDE WEB

The first and foremost is to know about HTML (Hypertext

Markup Language).
 HTML helps in providing hypertext links and allows the
users to see web pages associated with the websites.
 These hypertext links allows the users to move from one
website to another.
Typically internet follows Client/server model where web-
browsers acts as client software on the remote machine. The
server software is hosted on the web server which acts as
host.
A web browser contains URL (Uniform resource
locators) where the visitors can specify the web
address.
when the web browser sends the URL request using
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), then the web
browser and the web server gets connected in order
to get the desired result.
An URL consists of several parts.

The first part-the http:// - which is used for internet

protocol.
 The second part is www -that tells what kind of
Internet resource is being contacted.
A web browser is a software application which enables a user
to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and other
information typically located on a Web page at a website on the
World Wide Web or a local area network.

 Text and images on a Web page can contain hyperlinks to

other Web pages at the same or different website.

 Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access

information provided on many Web pages at many websites by
traversing these links.

 Web browsers format HTML information for display, so the

appearance of a Web page may differ between browsers.

Some of the Web browsers currently available for personal

computers include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari,
Opera, Netscape Google Chrome etc.
“Download means getting something from somewhere”
Download means to receive data to a local system from
a remote system, or to initiate such a data transfer

Upload
“Uploading means putting something somewhere ”
Uploading usually refers to copying files from a smaller
peripheral system to a larger central system
Uploading and downloading have simplified
the free exchange of information which has
characterized the computer age.
Uploading and downloading are used on a daily
basis by Internet consumers
 › Internet has a positive impact on the way people
manage their health
› It has become the main source for health information
and advice

"Internet has become an integral tool for many to

manage and improve their health , but it's also
obvious that we have a way to go to maximize the use
of Internet tools to provide better care”
Travel
• Internet is playing a key role in the travel customers
researching and buying travel services.
• Ease of comparison of various travel offerings
• Convenience of online purchase from home/office
• Save time and money
• “Internet would ensure survival & success in the travel
business of the near future“
Education
– Internet have become an integral part of the education
– Internet offers a lot of interactive opportunities.
– It offers the chance to connect with online educational
institutions through the use of internet cameras and communication
devices
– E-books are an essential source of education.
– Through the use of tele-projects, message boards, and countless
other innovations, students are exposed to an entire new world of
education.

Job Hunting
• It is an act of looking for employment, due to unemployment
• or discontentment with a current position
• Common methods of job hunting on net are:-
o using a job search engine
o using a job employment sites
o finding a job through a business network or personal network
Today Internet has become a source of Entertainment.
Entertainment is a form of pleasure.
Many Forms of Entertainment via internet are as follows:-

1. Movies n Music
Movies or music options are provided on net which
entertainment amuse and past the time.
2. Computer Games
There are different kinds of computer games; some are inspired
by puzzles and sports while others are more on the role-playing
games.
3. Reading
People consider reading a form of entertainment. A vast range
of ebooks from the world's leading academic, popular and
professional publishers are available
Electronic filing - is a method of filing of all documents
(including Tax, Legal, company affairs etc.), that uses
an electronic format
Electronic payment - made via a web browser for
goods and services using credit or debit cards.
Features of E- Filling and E-Payments:-
1. Reduces cost for services provider as well as for
consumers.
2. Eliminates paper waste
3. Speeds up the process
4. Helps to prevent errors
5. eliminates paper waste
“Facilities of E-Filing and E-Payments on internet has lead to
tremendous savings.”
 IRC is a synchronous communication system on the Internet
 IRC is based on a client/server model
 IRC client is a program that runs on your computer and sends
and receives messages to and from an IRC server
 IRC is a multi-user chat system that allows to people gather on
"channels" to talk in groups or privately

Email
• Electronic mail is the transmission of messages over
communications networks
• Using an e-mail client you can compose an e-mail message and
send it to another person anywhere
• All online services and ISPs offer e-mail, and support gateways
so that you can exchange e-mail with users of other systems
• This is a particularly the most effective way to communicate
 Videoconferencing is a conference between two or more
participants by using computer networks to transmit audio and
video data
 Conferencing system generally uses text, audio, and video for
holding group meetings and uses protocols
 As the participants speak, their voices are carried over the
network and delivered to the other speakers, and images
appear on a camera on other participant's monitor.

Internet Telephony
• Internet telephony software essentially provides free
telephone calls anywhere in the world
• It consists of a combination of hardware and software that
enables to use the Internet as the transmission medium for
telephone calls
• PC-to-PC Internet telephony can be as easy as hooking up a
microphone to your computer and sending your voice through a
cable modem to a person who has Internet telephony software
 Each computer on the Internet has a unique
numerical address, called an Internet Protocol
(IP) address, used to route packets to it across
the Internet
 The IP address is the geographical descriptor of
the virtual world, and the addresses of both
source and destination systems.
 Format. An IP address is made up of four bytes
of information (totaling 32 bits) expressed as
four numbers between 0 and 255 shown
separated by periods.
 Example :-

IP Address
Decimal: 238 . 17 . 159 4
Binary: 11101110   00010001   10011111   00000100
 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - TCP/IP
is the basic communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is a
two-layer program. Transmission Control Protocol, manages the
assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are
transmitted over the Internet. Internet Protocol, handles the
address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination.
 File Transfer Protocol - FTP is a standard network protocol
used to exchange files over a TCP/IP based network. FTP is built
on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and
data connections between the client and server applications.
 Hypertext transfer protocol - HTTP is an application-level
protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information
systems.
 Interior Gateway Protocols - IGP are used to route Internet
communications within a local area network. It is used within an
autonomous system
 Exterior Gateway Protocols - EGP are used for routing
between networks, linking the different networks together. It
determines network reachability between autonomous systems
 Search Engine
A search engine is a tool designed to search for
information. A search engine lets you find things on the
Web using keywords. Each search engine has its own
advantages and disadvantages. Based on rankings by
total searches,the top five search engines are
 Google - Google became the most used search engine
on the web due to its accurate results and a massive
index
 Yahoo - Yahoo is one of the most popular search
engines on the web, due to aconsistently large index and
many advanced tools for searchers
 MSN/ Windows Live - Microsoft’s MSN Search is part of
its popular MSN portal site. It is a powered directory.
 AOL - AOL Search allows its members to search both the
web and AOL’s own content.
 Ask - This engine returns web pages based on a
question asked by the user. It is popular with new web
users.
BENEFITS AND THREATS
OF INTERNT
 Information

Ecommerce Accessibility

Benefits

Communication Services

News
 Information
Internet is the biggest source of information. Huge amount of
information is available on any kind of subjects you are looking

 Accessibility 24x7
Internet world is open 24hours a day and 7 days a weeks. It is
accessible from anywhere at any time

 Services
Many services are now provided on the internet such as online
banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies,
guidance services and hotel reservations.

 News
You can get latest news of the world on the Internet. Most of the
newspapers of the world are also available on the Internet. They
have their websites from where you can get the latest news about
the events happening in the world.

 Communication

 Ecommerce
 Identity
Theft
Filtration
Internet
Of
addiction
Information

Threats
Spamming Viruses

Immorality Hacking
 IDENTITY THEFT

Messages sent over the internet can easily be snooped & tracked. Use of credit
cards or internet banking for online shopping, your personal details can also be
accessed by culprits. There is a grave danger as personal information may be
tracked

 VIRUSES

Popular source of spreading viruses is through advertisement. They get transfer

from one computer to another when information is transmitted between network.

 SPAMMING

Sending unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which serve no purpose & unnecessary clog
up the entire system.

 INTERNET ADDICTION

According to some researchers internet is simply a way people try to escape their
problems in an online world. Internet addiction is psychological disorder
 HACKING

Valuable sites are damaged by hackers and confidential data

may be accessed by unauthorized persons , probably
hackers

 IMMORALITY

Some websites contains immoral materials in the form of

text, pictures or movies etc. These websites damage the
character of new generation.

 FILTRATION OF INFORMATION
When a keyword is given to a search engine to search
information of a specific topic, a large number of related
links a displayed. In this case, it becomes difficult to filter
out the required information.
E=ECONOMICAL
C=COMPETITIVE
0=ONLINE
M=MULTIMEDIA
M=MULTI TASKING
E=EVERYWHERE
R=ROUNDTHECLOCK
C=COST CUTTING
E=EASY WAYS
 Catalog flexibility and Online
fast updating
 Shrinks the Competition Gap.
 Unlimited Market Place and
Business Access Which
Extend Customer Base.
 A 24 Hour Store Reduced Sale
Cycle.
 Lower Cost of Doing Business.
 Eliminate Middlemen.
 Easier Business
Administration.
 Frees Your Staff.
 More Efficient Business
Relationships.
 Workflow automation.
 Secure Payment Systems.
LOWER TRANSACTION COST HIGHER MARGINS

ECONOMY

BETTER CUSTOMER SHOPPING

QUICK COMPARISON SHOPPING
 Takes time for delivery of
physical products
 Uncertainty of physical
product, supplier & delivery
 Perishable goods
 Limited and selected
sensory information
 Privacy, security, payment,
identity, contract.
 Size and number of
transactions.
Globalism is the major trend shaping the future of the
Internet.
Attachments to countries will marginally decrease,
and attachments to the Earth as a shared resource will
significantly increase.
Internet will integration with an increasing number of
other technologies in future.
The Internet will become increasingly integrated with
phones, televisions, home appliances, portable digital
assistants, and a range of other small hardware
devices, providing an unprecedented, nearly uniform
level of integrated data communications.
The future of the Internet technological revolution will
continue to be made in man's image.