VIRTUAL LAN

Prepared By
Urvashi Jain(090450131010)
Guided By
Nita Patel(090450131013)
Mr. Ankit Patel
Ekta Patel(090450131015)

Introduction
In response to user requests for more flexibility,

network vendors began working on a way to

rewire buildings entirely in software. The resulting
concept is called a Virtual LAN.
A VLAN is logical broadcast domain that can span

multiple physical LAN segments.

A VLAN can be designed to provide independent

broadcast domains for station logically segmented

by functions, project teams, or applications
without regard to the physical location of users.

Each switch port can only be assigned to only one

VLAN.
Ports in a VLAN share broadcasts. Ports that do

not belong to the same VLAN do not share

broadcasts.
Because there are several ways in which VLAN

membership can be defined, this divides VLAN

solutions into four general types:
1. port grouping
2. MAC-layer grouping
3. network-layer grouping
4. IP multicast grouping.


Port based VLANs

Port grouping is still the most

common method of defining

VLAN membership.

Defining VLANs purely by

Port group does not allow

multiple VLANs to include
the same physical segment.
fig. port based group

Limitation:
Network

manager must reconfigure VLAN membership

when a user moves from one port to another.


MAC Addressed Based VLANs

The bridge or switch has a table listing the 48-bit MAC

address of each machine connected to it along with

the VLAN that machine is on.

Advantage :
1. No reconfiguration needed

.
Disadvantage :
1. VLAN membership must be assigned initially.
2. Performance degradation .

Layer 3-Based VLANs

Advantage:
1. Good for application-based VLAN strategy
2. User can move workstations
3. Eliminate the need for frame tagging

Disadvantage :
1. Performance/ looking for L3 address in packet.
2. Less effective.
3. Unroutable protocols.

The IEEE 802.1Q

Standard
Transition from legacy Ethernet to VLAN-aware
Ethernet. The shaded symbols are VLAN
aware. The empty ones are not.

Transition from legacy Ethernet to VLAN-aware Ethernet. The

shaded symbols are VLAN aware. The empty ones are not.

In above fig where the shaded symbols are VLAN aware and

the empty ones are not.

In

the
fig,
VLAN-aware
Ethernet
cards
generate
tagged(802.1Q) frames directly, and further switching uses
this tags.

To do this switching, the switches have to know which VLANs

are reachable on each port

The switch needs a table indexed by VLAN telling which port

to use and whether they are VLAN aware or legacy.

When a legacy PC sends a frame to a VLAN-aware switch, the

switch builds a new tagged frame based on its knowledge of

the senders VLAN.

The IEEE 802.1Q Standard (2)

The 802.3 (legacy) and 802.1Q Ethernet frame formats.

In this frame format only changes in pair of 2-byte fields.

1. VLAN protocol ID. It always has the value 0x8100.
2. It contains three subfields.

VLAN identifier - 12 bits.

II. 3-bit priority
III. CFI(Canonical Format Indicator)
I.

Infrastructural VLANs
An infrastructural approach to VLANs

is based on the functional groups

that make up the organization.
Each functional group, such as
accounting, sales, and engineering,
is assigned to its own uniquely
defined VLAN.
In this model, VLAN overlap occurs at
network resources that must be shared
by multiple workgroups.
These resources are normally servers, but could also
include printers, routers providing WAN access,
workstations functioning as gateways, and so forth.

VLAN Strategies
There are many factors to be considered in VLAN

implementation: technological, architectural, and

organizational.
Given the effects of VLANs on network architecture,
organizational structure, and even the business
model of some organizations, it is difficult to deploy
VLAN technology solely as a tactical solution, only
where and when it is needed.
Initially, VLANs should be seen as a solution to at
least one of two problems:
1. Containment of broadcast traffic to minimize
dependence on routers.
2. Reduction in the cost of network moves and
changes.

Advantages
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

Reducing the Cost of Moves and Changes

Virtual Workgroups
I.
Managing Virtual Workgroup
II.
Maintaining the 80/20 Rule
III. Access to Local Network Resources
IV. Centralized Server Farms
Reduction of Routing for Broadcast Containment
Higher Performance and Reduced Latency
Ease of Administration
Cost

Disadvantages
The most significant weakness is that VLANs have

been, to date, single-vendor solutions

therefore may lead to switch vendor lock-in.

and

Routers have two remaining responsibilities: to

provide connectivity between VLANs, and to

provide broadcast filtering capabilities for WAN
links, where VLANs are generally not appropriate.
1. Routing Between VLANs
2. VLANs Over the WAN

Applications
1. Virtual LAN is used in a scientific research

institutions.
2. Maintaining the officers had the same VLAN can

belong.
3. Building a system administrator can be assigned

to businesses to create a separate virtual local

area network , to ensure the mutual access to
internal and inter-enterprise information

Conclusion
VLAN implementation must solve real-world

problems in order to be financially justified.

Any organization that expends substantial

resources dealing with moves and changes in the

network may also be able to justify VLAN
implementation
the switching infrastructure upon which most

VLAN solutions are based can be seen as an

added, and quite valuable, benefit.

THANK
YOU