Fabricstudiesfinal 130118045748 Phpapp02

Fabric Studies
06/27/16
Fabric Styling - Neha Singh
Fiber structure
Physical attributes
Fiber length
Staple fibers
Filament fibers- silk
Fiber shape- fiber cross-sectional shape influences the way light is reflected
from the surface. A flat surface fiber has more luster than a round one. A
round fiber reflects light is one general direction, causing a shiny surface.
A multi lobal shaped fiber tends to scatter the light, causing the diffuse glow
with sparkles.
Irregular cross-section scatters light in many directions, resulting a dullish
appearance.
.
06/27/16
Fiber surface- The surface of fiber vary.

Smooth, rough, slightly grooved, wrinkled etc.
The fiber surface affects such as properties as hand, luster and wicking
Fiber Longitudinal Configuration
Lengthwise, fibers have varying configurations. They may be straight,

twisted, coiled, or crimped. Exp cotton and nylon.
Various properties like resiliency, elasticity and abrasion resistance are

affected by fiber longitudinal configuration.
06/27/16
Greater crimp increase resiliency, bulk, warmth, elongation, absorbency

and skin comfort.
However , hand becomes harsher and luster is reduced as crimp increases
Crimp allows the fiber to stand off the skin so fabric will not cling to the
wearer skin.
Crimp is inherent in the wool fiber.
Fiber Diameter
Fiber diameter refers to the thickness of the fiber. Thicker fibers result is
greater stiffness, which improves wrinkle resistance but can also result in an
undesirable roughness.
Large diameter fibers result in bulkier fabrics. Fine diameter fibers can result
in fabric that is sheer, lightweight and generally more drapable and softer to
the touch than the fabric of thicker fibers.
06/27/16
Chemical composition and molecular formation

fibers are classified into various groups by their chemical composition:
Cellulosic, protein and synthetic
06/27/16
Essential properties
Abrasion Resistance- is the ability to resist wear from rubbing that contributes to
fabric durability.
Exp- Nylon is used extensively in action outerwear, such as ski jackets , and soccer
shorts, because it is very strong and resist abrasion .
06/27/16
Absorbency Absorbency is the ability to take in moisture.
Fibers able to absorb water easily are called hydrophilic fibers.
Hydrophilic fibers- all natural animal and vegetable fibers and two manufactured
fibers, rayon and acetate.
Hydrophobic fibers- fibers that have difficulty absorbing water and are only able to
absorb small amounts .
Skin comfort, Static build-up, dimensional stability in water, stain removal,

water repellency, wrinkle recovery
06/27/16
Cover- cover is the ability to occupy an area. A thick fiber or one with crimp or curl
gives fabric better cover than a thin, straight fiber.
Elasticity- is the ability to increase in length when under tension (elongation ) and
then return to the original length when released (recovery)
Lengthening when tension is placed on the fiber or fabric makes for a more
comfortable garment and causes less seam stress.
06/27/16
Environmental conditions- the effect of environmental conditions on fibers vary.

How fabrics react to certain exposure or storage , is important. The following are
some examples-
Wool garments needs to be mothproofed when stored because they are susceptible
to damage by these wool eating insects.
Nylon and silk show strength losses from extended exposure to sunlight. Therefore ,
they are normally not used for curtains and drapes.
Cotton has poor resistance to mildew and should not be allowed to remain wet for
long periods of time.
06/27/16
Flammability- is the ability to ignite or burn.
Fibers are usually classified as being flammable flame resistant , or flameproof.
Flammable fibers- are relatively easy to ignite and sustain combustion.
Flame-resistant fibers- have a relatively high ignition temperature and slow rate of
burning .
Flame proof fibers- will not burn.
Regular polyester is flammable , but Trevira polyester , which is flame resistant.
06/27/16
Flexibility- is the capability of fibers to bend easily and repeatedly without breaking.
Hand- is the way a fiber, yarn or fabric feels when handled. The hand of the fiber is
affected by its shape, surface and configuration .
Luster- refers to the light reflected from a surface. Various characteristics of a fiber
effect the amount of luster.
Increased light reflection occurs from a smoother surface, less crimp, flatter cross
sectional shape and longer fiber length.
Pilling- is the formation of groups of short or broken fibers on the surface of a fabric
that are tangled together in the shape of tiny ball called pill.
Resiliency- is the capability of a material to spring back to shape after being creased,
twisted or distorted.
A fabric that has good resiliency does not wrinkle easily
06/27/16
Specific gravity- is the ratio of the mass of the fiber to an equal volume of water at
4degree c .
Static Electricity- is a frictional electric charge caused by the rubbing together of two
dissimilar materials.
Strength- is a fibers ability to withstand stress.
Tenacity- the force needed to break the fiber, is known as tenacity and expressed in
grams per denier or grams per fiber weight.
Glass, Nylon and Polyester are very strong. Acetate and acrylic are weak.
06/27/16
Thermo plasticity- the ability of fibers to withstand heat exposure is an important

factor affecting their suitability for many end uses.
Wicking- is the ability of fiber to transfer moisture from one section to another.
Usually the moisture is along the fiber surface, but it may also pass through the fiber
when a liquid is absorbed by the fiber.
06/27/16
scan
Molecular
arrangements in
fibers
06/27/16
Longitudinal forms
and surface texture
of fibers
06/27/16
Effects of external
features and delusterant
particles on fiber luster
06/27/16
Texturizing yarns
06/27/16
Texturizing yarns
06/27/16
Developments of fibres
Till the beginning of 20th century all fibres in use were natural
Around 1891-92 the first man-made Artificial Silk (Viscose rayon) was
discovered
In 1938, Dupont developed the first synthetic polyamide fibre Nylon,

followed by the development of polyester
Thus a distinct class of man-made fibres/ synthetic fibres were

developed
1950-60s acrylic, PP, PVA, Teflon, Lycra were developed
In the last fifty years of research a host of new improved man-made

cellulosic, protein, aramid and functional fibres have been developed
06/27/16
Classification of fibres
Fibres
Natural
Man-made
Vegetable/Cellulosic
Cellulosic
Animal/Protein
Synthetic
Mineral
Protein
Mineral
Metallic
06/27/16
Cellulosic fibres
Cellulosic fibres
Cotton
Hemp
Sisal
Jute
Flax
Sisal
Coir
Kenaf Products
Kenaf fibre
Pina
Banana
Bamboo
Hemp
Extraction of
Hemp filament bag
Banana fibre
Coir mat
Costume from pina

fibre
06/27/16
Cotton fibre
Jute
Towels from bamboo

fibre
Cotton
Comfort factors
High absorbency makes cotton

suitable for hot weather clothing
Slow in wicking moisture from inner
to the outer surface of the fabric
Cross section
and
longitudinal
view of cotton
fibre before
mercerization
Care factors
May be laundered or dry cleaned,

withstands frequent laundering.
Cotton which is not sanforized tends
to shrink on washing
Weakened by acids, have high
resistance to alkalies
Cotton fibre after

mercerization
06/27/16
Cotton fibre
Microscopic appearance
Crystallinity
Tensile strength: 3.5 g/d -4 g/d ( wet strength 4.5 g/d)
Elongation 3-7%
Hygroscopic nature
Chemical properties:
Effect of acids
Effect of alkalis
Effect of bleaches
Effect of sunlight
06/27/16
Flax (Linen)
Comfort factors
High absorbency and quick drying

makes linen suitable for hot weather
clothing
Poor elasticity gives stiff handle
Care factors
May be laundered or dry cleaned,

withstands frequent laundering.
Wrinkling and crease formation
occurs easily
Weakened by acids, have high
resistance to alkalies
Cross sectional and longitudinal view of flax
06/27/16
Flax fibre
Crystallinity more than cotton
Tensile strength: 3.5 g/d -5g/d Elongation 2%
Hygroscopic nature
Effect of acids
Effect of alkalis
Effect of bleaches
Effect of sunlight
06/27/16
Properties
Cotton
Flax
Jute
Viscose
rayon
Composition
Cellulose
Cellulose
Cellulose
Cellulose
Tenacity, g/d
3-5
3.5-5
3.5-5
2.5 3
Elongation,
%
5%
2%
1.5-2%
16-18%
Moisture
Regain. %
8.5 %
7%
7%
12-14%
Thermal
properties
1500 C starts
discolouring,
doesnot melt
2800 C starts
discolouring,
doesnot melt
2800 C starts
discolouring,
doesnot melt
1500 C starts
discolouring,
doesnot melt
06/27/16
Natural Protein fibres

Protein fibres
Silk
Wool
Indian silk
Sheep/ lamb
Camel (alpaca)
Mulberry
Goat (mohair)
Tasar
Angora rabbit
Muga
Goat (Cashmere)
Chinese silk
Dupion silk
Spun silk
06/27/16
Speciality hair
Wool
Absorbs water, good wicking

ability
Thermal and insulating qualities
contribute to warming effect
making it suitable for cold weather
clothing
Care factors
Usually dry cleaned

Yellows and discolours when
subjected to chlorine bleach
Damaged by moths unless
treated
Susceptible to pilling
SEM
image
of wool
Wool fibre
with natural
crimp
06/27/16
Comfort factors
Wool -properties
Structure
Felting of wool: It is the irreversible shrinkage of the length, breadth or
thickness of the yarn. This is done by subjecting the woollen textile to
agitation in an aqueous solution.
Wool polymer: keratin ( repeating units: amino acids)
Cystine ( sulphur containing amino acids)
Crystallinity: 25-30 % crystalline
Tenacity: 1.4-2.4 g/d
Elongation: 25%
Moisture regain: 18-20%
Heat of wetting from dry to saturation ( joules per gram): 113
Thermal properties: poor conductor
Setting of wool
Temporary set
Permanent set
Chemical set
Chemical properties
06/27/16
Silk
Comfort factors
Absorbs moisture, good wicking ability

High thermal conductivity
Warmer than other natural fibre
fabrics of comparable weight, good
elasticity
Care factors
Preferably dry cleaned, stains from

body oil and perspiration, water spots
appear from steam
Tends to shrink when dry cleaned
Attacked by moth and other insects
SEM image of silk filament
06/27/16
Silk -properties
Structure
Silk polymer: Amino acids( 16 types. Wool- 20 types)
Crystallinity: 60-70% crystalline
Tenacity: 4.5 g/d
Elongation: 20%
Moisture regain: 11%
Thermal properties: poor conductor
Chemical properties
Degrades more readily by acids than wool ( acidic perspiration damages
silk)
Alkalis causes swelling and dissolution
06/27/16
Angora
The hair of the Angora rabbit is allowed to

grow 3 or more inches long before it is
clipped, sheared, or plucked. This process
Angora
rabbits
causes no harm to the animals and are

carried out four times each year.
The total annual yield for a single Angora

rabbit ranges from 7 to 14 ounces, is
enough to construct one small garment,
such as a short-sleeved sweater.
Clothing of Angora rabbit wool are usually

have a very nice feel against the skin.
Many people who find garments made of
sheeps wool scratchy and uncomfortable
find Angora wool comfortable.
Polarized microscopy image

of angora fibre
06/27/16
Angora wool
Cashmere
Properties
Fibre is cylindrical, soft and silky, light

weight
In order to avoid pilling by local
friction, the lining must be slippery
Cashmere/ Pashmina can be dyed in
different colours
Cashmere / Pashmina goats
Care factors
Preferably dry cleaned, should be

dried in shade, not direct sunlight
Cashmere garments should be folded
and kept and should not be hanged to
prevent deformation.
Polarized light microscopy

image of cashmere
06/27/16
Alpaca
06/27/16
Mineral fibre (Asbestos)
Type of rock ( silicates of

magnesium and calcium)
Asbestos is used in industry for

thermal insulation, fireproofing and
sealing.
Spun asbestos is used for fireproof

and chemical-resistant clothing.
The inhalation of large quantities of

fibre can cause asbestosis which
increases the risk of bronchial
cancer.
In particular, dusts < 200 micron

are highly toxic and suspected of
being a direct cause of tumours.
Asbestos fibres
06/27/16
Man made fibres

Man made
Natural polymer
Synthetic polymer
Refractory
and related fibres
Regnerated cellulose
Polyesters
Carbon fibre
Cellulose acetate
Polyamides
Glass fibre
Regenerated protein
Polyurethane
Metallic fibres
Alginate, Chitosan
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
06/27/16
Regenerated cellulosic fibre
Regenerated cellulosic fibre
Viscose rayon
06/27/16
Polynosic
Modal
Lyocel
Cellulose acetate Cellulose triacetae
Viscose rayon
06/27/16
Comfort factors
More absorbent than cotton, without

producing wet cling
The irregular cross-section of viscose
contributes to comfort when worn
against skin
Care factors
May be laundered or dry cleaned;

easy to iron
Viscose rayon -properties
Crystallinity 35-40%
Tensile strength: 2.5 g/d -3 g/d ( wet strength 1.5 g/d)
Elongation 16-18%
Moisture regain: 12-14%
Chemical properties: More sensitive to acids than cotton
Effect of acids
Effect of alkalis
Effect of bleaches
Effect of sunlight
06/27/16
Viscose rayon of different

cross-sectional shapes
Galaxy- a Yshaped viscose

rayon fibre with highly absorbency
and bulk
06/27/16
Viloft - a flat cross sectional viscose

rayon fiber gives a unique soft handle
and pleasing drape
Modal
Comfort factors
More stronger than viscose in wet

and dry state
One problem is the almost perfectly
circular cross-sectional shape; this
makes leaner yarns than irregularly
shaped standard viscose rayon.
Care factors

easy to iron
But gradually fibrillate on wet
processing
Cross-section of modal fibres
06/27/16
Lyocell
Cross
section of
lyocell
Comfort factors

easy to iron
But gradually fibrillate on abrasion in
wet state
Produced by Acordis and Lenzing AG.
More costly than viscose rayon
More absorbent than cotton
Care factors
Surface
view of
lyocell
Fibrillation of lyocell fibre
06/27/16
Cellulose acetate
SEM mage of cellulose acetate

cross-section
Polarized microscope image of

cellulose acetate filament- striations
on surface
06/27/16
Comfort factors
Moisture regain is lower than viscose

rayon
Care factors
Dry cleaning is recommended; easy to

iron, dries quickly
Shrinkage can occur during
laundering
Applications
The use of acetate fibre has declined

in the past three decades but it can be
used for medical gauze, ribbons,
home furnishings, woven velvets,
tricot knits, men's linings, circular
knits, woven satins, woven women's
linings.
Thermoplastic fibre can be heat set
Cellulose acetate- properties
Crystallinity : 40%
Tenacity: 2.5 g/d
Elongation 16-18%
Moisture regain: 6.5 %
Thermal properties: Heat sensitive, softens at 175-1900C
Effect of acids: Acids hydrolyze
Effect of alkalis: Resistant to alkalies
Effect of bleaches: Same as cotton fibres
Effect of sunlight:
06/27/16
Regenerated protein fibresoybean protein fibre
Soybean protein fibre (SPF) is

produced from the residual cake
after oil is extracted from soybean
seeds.
SPF fabrics have cashmere feel

but is softer and smoother than
cashmere.
The moisture absorption is similar

to that of cotton
It has silk like luster and elegant

drape.
The elastic recovery rate is 55.4%

where for other fibres it is 60-70%.
Good colour fastness
Soybean seeds
Soybean
fibre
products
06/27/16
Man made fibres from

synthetic polymers
06/27/16
Polyester fibre ( polyethylene

terepthalate)
Normal polyester fibre
Antibacterial polyester
fibre (zeolite added)
Coolmax (INVISTA) microchannel polyester fibre

for sportwear
Comfort factors
Most popular and common fibre

used in active wear and
sportswear.
Wicking is faster than cotton
through hydrophobic in nature
Hydrophilic finish can be applied
when worn next to skin
Hollow polyester filament
06/27/16
Eskimotech
blanket from hollow
polyester fibre
Care factors
Easy care fibre
Polyester-properties
Structure: Normal cross-section is circular

Moisture regain: 0.4%
Tenacity: Strong fibre (2.4-7 g/d) Wet tenacity is the same.
Wrinkle resistance/ Crease resistance: The extreme crystallinity of the
polymer system prevents the polyester filament from bending readily.
Thermoplastic nature:
Effect of acids: ester groups of polyester are resistant to acid
hydrolysis
Effect of alkalis: Alkanine hydrolysis at the ester groups ( finer &
silkier with regular laundering)
Effect of bleaches: Sodium chlorite
Effect of sunlight: Resistant to sunlight
06/27/16
Nylon- polyamide polymer
Comfort factors
Trilobal and multilobal nylon

has good wicking properties
High abrasion resistance
High flexibility and elasticity
Used in swimwear, cycling
shorts, sports socks, etc.
Nylon filament of
different cross-sectional
shapes
Care factors
Easily laundered, dries fast

Fabrics have high tensile,
tear and burst strength,
even at low fabric weight
Silver incorporated
antibacterial nylon
filament
06/27/16
Nylon -properties
Structure: Normal cross-section is trilobal/ circular/

Density: 1.14 g/cc ( light weight)
Moisture regain: 4%
Tenacity: Strong fibre (3.5-7.2 g/d) Wet tenacity is the same.
Wrinkle resistance/ Crease resistance: The high crystallinity of the
polymer system makes nylon crease resistant.
Effect of acids: Less resistant to acid (amide groups- hydrolysis)
Effect of alkalis: Frequent exposure causes alkanine hydrolysis
Effect of bleaches: hydrogen peroxide ,Sodium chlorite
Effect of sunlight: Fair resistant to sunlight
06/27/16
Acrylic
General cross-section and surface view of acrylic fibre
Comfort factors
The slight waviness of the

acrylic fibres provides slight
bulkiness to the yarns and
warmth
Care factors
Easily laundered, machine

washable, dries fast
Acrylics have a soft handle
Blankets
Modacrylic winterwear
Police vests
06/27/16
Inflight products
Properties-acrylic
Structure: Normal cross-section dog bone

Moisture regain: 2.5 %
Tenacity: 2.0-3.6 g/d
Effect of acids: Less resistant to acid
Effect of alkalis: Weak alkalies do not affect acrylics
Effect of sunlight: Fair resistant to sunlight
End uses: blankets, carpets, socks, knitted sweaters, sportswear fabric
06/27/16
Polypropylene ( Olefin Fibres)
Polarized microscope
image of PP filament
Carpets
Different types of yarn, tapes, sheets

and nonwoven products can be made
Used widely in the production of
disposable medical protective
apparels, carpets and industrial
textiles
PP products
Medical products
Grass mats
06/27/16
Crop covers
Bags
Antiweed fabric
Properties -olefin

Moisture regain: 0-0.05 % ( Doesn't absorb moisture, helps in quick
transport of moisture)
Tenacity: 1.5-7 g/d
Chemical properties: generally excellent
Effect of sunlight: Resistant to sunlight after incorporation of stabilizers
Electric insulation : excellent
Resistant to mildew, moth: Excellent
End uses: carpets, socks, blankets, ropes, woven sacks, packing material,
soft luggage, surgical disposables, etc.
06/27/16
UHMWPE
Ultra high molecular weight

polyethylene (UHMWPE)
e.g. Dyneema
Spectra ( Allied signal)
Bullet proof vest
Bullet proof helmet

06/27/16
Polyurethane
Discovered in
1959 at Dupont
by Joseph
Shivers, spandex
sprang in the
market as an
replacement for
rubber
Spandex is a generic term used in USA for

elastomeric fibre.
LYCRA is a registered trademark of INVISTA
for premium stretch fibers and fabrics
06/27/16
Properties
Comfort factors
Can be stretched to 600 times, elastic

property is unaffected by moisture due to
its hydrophobic nature
Doesnot contribute to comfort
Care factors
Hot water should not be used during
laundering. Should not be exposed to direct
sunlight
Properties -Polyurethane
Density: 1.2-1.35 g/cc ( light weight)

Crystallinity: amorphous
Moisture regain: 0-0.3 %
Tenacity: 1.5 g/d
Thermal properties: High temperature affects the fibre
Advantages over rubber: Prolonged exposure to sunlight hardens
& discolours rubber, it doesnot damage spandex. Body oils and
dry-cleaning solvents damage rubber not spandex.
Sensitive to high concentrations of chlorine.
06/27/16
Man made fibres from

refractory and related
materials
06/27/16
Glass
Properties
- Brittle in nature
-
Resistant to very high

temperature
Resistant to chemicals
Limiting oxygen index (LOI) >100
Best utilized by embedding in
matrix forms
Applications
-
06/27/16
Aircraft interiors
Glass reinforced composites
e.g. boat hulls, car bodies
Insulating material
Carbon fibres
Properties
High strength and modulus

Low extensibility and light weight
Usable temperature 315-3700C
Carbon nanotube incorporated
fibres are conductive in nature,
with extremely high tensile
strength
Applications
Used for manufacture of

structural composites, used in
aerospace, military,
transportation and for industrial
applications.
Carbon fibre
Carbon nanotubes
06/27/16
Carbon Fabric
Ceramic fibre
Properties:
Low thermal conductivity

Thermal shock resistant
Light weight
Excellent sound absorption
Resists most chemical attack
Unaffected by water & steam
Very low heat storage
Resilient
Uses:
Fire screen made from

ceramic fibres
06/27/16
Metallic fibre
Metallic fibre, are composed of

metal, metal-coated plastic, or of a
core covered by metal (usually
aluminum).
Trademarked names include
Chromeflex, Lurex, and Melora.
Foil types are made with a metal
foil that is coated with a plain or
coloured plastic film and then cut
into strips.
Protective coat with

reflectors
06/27/16
Comingled
conductive yarn
Classification of fibres based on end

uses
06/27/16
Conventional fibres
Natural
e.g. cotton, wool, silk, jute, etc.
Applications
Apparel
Furnishings
Technical textiles
Regenerated
e.g. viscose, lyocel, soybean
Synthetic man made

e.g. polyamide, polyester,
polyacrylics, polyurethanes,
polyolefins (PP)
06/27/16
High strength, high modulus

organicApplications
fibres
Para-aramids
e.g. Kevlar (Dupont)
Twaron ( Acordis)
Ultra high molecular weight
polyethylene (UHMWPE)
e.g. Dyneema
Spectra ( Allied signal)
Bullet proof helmet
Bullet proof
vest
Cut resistant gloves

using yarn made of
kevlar sheath and
spandex core
Dyneema cut resistant

gloves
06/27/16
Kevlar and
PTFE rope
Kevlar -properties
Outstanding strength
Temperature resistance
Its resistance to chemicals and
temperature extremes
make Kevlar an ideal
component for ropes and cables
under severe loads in harsh
environments.
Other uses: Belting in radial tyres,
protective apparels, pressure
vessels, helicopter parts.
06/27/16
High chemical and combustion resistant organic fibres

Meta-aramids
Fire Breaker Innovative

Design & HighTech Materials
An appealing
design, optimum
freedom of
movement
combined with
highest level of
protection that
has not
automatically to
be a difference!
e.g. Nomex (Dupont), Conex (Teijin)

Uses:
Texport
06/27/16
High performance inorganic

fibre
Carbon
Cearmics- high temperature
performance
Tungsten
Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide fibre
Silicon carbide fibre with

tungsten core
Fire screens made
of ceramic fibres
06/27/16
Microfilaments
Sea island
type
microfibre
manufactured
by Toray
Japan
Splittable
microfibre
( Kanebo
Japan,Elaston
)
06/27/16
Linear density of approximately 1.0

dtex or less
Usually made from polyester/nylon
Brand names: Mitrelle, Setila,

Micrell, Tactel
Used for production of fashionable

clothing and also bacteria barrier
fabric for medical applications
Split technique of production

produces microfilaments that can
be used for wiping cloth for optical
and microelectronic industries
Microfilament products
Microfilament spunlace nonwoven :

Soft, drapable and much lighter than
traditional textiles. Highly dense and
compact fibre structure, very good
barrier
properties,
thermal
insulation, wind resistance and UV
protection and highly breathable with
very good moisture management.
Microfilament fabric can be constructed to be

impermeable to water droplets while allowing air
and moisture vapour circulation, with good wicking
properties.
06/27/16
06/27/16
Bath Products
06/27/16
06/27/16
06/27/16
06/27/16

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Fabric Studies

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fiber surface- The surface of fiber vary.

Fiber Longitudinal Configuration

Lengthwise, fibers have varying configurations. They may be straight,

Various properties like resiliency, elasticity and abrasion resistance are

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Greater crimp increase resiliency, bulk, warmth, elongation, absorbency

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Chemical composition and molecular formation

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Absorbency Absorbency is the ability to take in moisture.

Fibers able to absorb water easily are called hydrophilic fibers.

Skin comfort, Static build-up, dimensional stability in water, stain removal,

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Environmental conditions- the effect of environmental conditions on fibers vary.

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Flammability- is the ability to ignite or burn.

Fibers are usually classified as being flammable flame resistant , or flameproof.

Flammable fibers- are relatively easy to ignite and sustain combustion.

Flame proof fibers- will not burn.

Regular polyester is flammable , but Trevira polyester , which is flame resistant.

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Strength- is a fibers ability to withstand stress.

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Thermo plasticity- the ability of fibers to withstand heat exposure is an important

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

In 1938, Dupont developed the first synthetic polyamide fibre Nylon,

Thus a distinct class of man-made fibres/ synthetic fibres were

1950-60s acrylic, PP, PVA, Teflon, Lycra were developed

In the last fifty years of research a host of new improved man-made

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Costume from pina

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Towels from bamboo

High absorbency makes cotton

May be laundered or dry cleaned,

Cotton fibre after

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

High absorbency and quick drying

May be laundered or dry cleaned,

Cross sectional and longitudinal view of flax

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Natural Protein fibres

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Absorbs water, good wicking

Usually dry cleaned

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Fabric Styling - Neha Singh

Absorbs moisture, good wicking ability