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WARNING
You may need to sit down for this!
= { (x - )2 / n}
This is the symbol for
the standard deviation
1
2
( xi x )
(n 1) i 1
Chapter 2
7
11,200
7
1600
xi
Squared deviations
xi x
xi x
1792
17921600 = 192
1666
1666 1600 =
1362
1614
1614 1600 =
1460
(-140)2 = 19,600
1867
(267)2 = 71,289
1439
(-161)2 = 25,921
sum =
66
14
(192)2 = 36,864
(66)2 =
4,356
(-238)2 = 56,644
(14)2 =
196
sum = 214,870
214,870
s
35,811.67
7 1
2
Semi-worked example
We are going to try and find the
standard deviation of the minimum
temperatures of 10 weather stations in
Britain on a winters day.
The temperatures are:
5, 9, 3, 2, 7, 9, 8, 2, 2, 3
(Centigrade)
(x - )
(x - )2
x =
= x/n =
(x - )2 =
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2/n =
Next
we writethe
the
values (temperatures)
in
To calculate
standard
deviation we construct
a
table
thisorder).
one:
column x (they can
be like
in any
x
(x - )
(x - )2
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
x =
= x/n =
(x - )2 =
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
x =50
= x/n =
50/10 = 5
(x - )2 =
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2/n =
next
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
x =50
= x/n =
50/10 = 5
(x - )
(x - )2
(x - )2 =
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2/n =
now
(x - )
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
4
-2
-3
2
4
3
-3
-3
-2
x =50
= x/n =
50/10 = 5
(x - )2
(x - )2 =
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2/n =
and
then
(x - )
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
4
-2
-3
2
4
3
-3
-3
-2
x =50
= x/n =
50/10 = 5
(x - )2
0
16
4
9
4
16
9
9
9
4
(x - )2 =
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2/n =
then
(x - )
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
4
-2
-3
2
4
3
-3
-3
-2
x =50
= x/n =
50/10 = 5
(x - )2
0
16
4
9
4
16
9
9
9
4
(x - )2 = 80
(x - )2/n =
(x - )2/n =
and
(x - )
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
4
-2
-3
2
4
3
-3
-3
-2
x =50
= x/n =
50/10 = 5
(x - )2
0
16
4
9
4
16
9
9
9
4
(x - )2 = 80
(x - )2/n = 8
(x - )2/n =
finally
(x - )
5
9
3
2
7
9
8
2
2
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
0
4
-2
-3
2
4
3
-3
-3
-2
x =50
= x/n =
50/10 = 5
(x - )2
0
16
4
9
4
16
9
9
9
4
(x - )2 = 80
(x - )2/n = 8
(x - )2/n =
Answer
2.8C