Seminar

on

Scaffolding & safety

Presentation
On

Wind up lift

7/11/2013
2

Internal Pressure

External Pressure Coefficients, C p

As external surfaces are subject to flowing air, the

pressure varies considerably on the building surface
depending on structural configuration and direction
of the wind.
Coefficients also depend on whether the resulting
forces are to be used to design/analyze:
Main Wind-Force Resisting Systems
Structural elements that support large areas
exposed to the wind
Components & Cladding
Structural elements that support small areas
exposed to the wind

Buildings with Roofs Consisting of

Flat Surfaces Wall Cp

Wall pressure depends on whether the wall

is

Windward
Same regardless of building plan dimensions

Leeward
Dependant on building plan dimensions

Side
Same regardless of building plan dimensions

Buildings with Roofs Consisting of

Flat Surfaces Roof Cp

Dependent on direction of wind relative to

ridge

Coefficients are given for various conditions.

Interpolation is used to find values of conditions
between those given.

Wind Normal to Ridge

Wind NORMAL to ridge

Values given for
different building height
to length ratios and roof
slope angles.
Windward roof surfaces
Can be both positive

and negative on some

slopes. Both need
consideration as
separate load cases.

Leeward roof surfaces

All negative.

Wind Parallel to Ridge

Parallel to
ridge, flat or
nearly flat
Two
different
h/L ranges,
both with
stepped
pressures.
Interpolate
between
ranges

Domed Roofs

Pressure distributions are fairly complex.

Two load cases to be considered.

Arched Roofs

Pressure coefficient depends on rate of rise

of the arch.
Pressure varies by along the arch.

Components & Cladding

Elements of the structure that support local

peak loads need to be designed for these
pressures.
The magnitude of the force is dependent on the
wind area tributary to the component

The smaller the tributary area of a component the

more likely to see relatively high pressures on their
tributary areas.

Wind at a Corner

Image from FEMA Multi

Hazard Seminar

Roof Components

Lots of different roof types with different

requirements.
Gable Roofs of various angles
Gable/Hip Roofs
Stepped Roofs
Monoslope Roofs
Sawtooth Roofs

Finding Net Pressure

The net pressure is the vector sum of the

internal and external pressures.
Typical form:
p = qGCp qi(GCpi)
Note the sign positive pressure externally
opposes positive pressure internally

THANK YOU

Have a nice day

07/11/2013
24