Training course

Pressure
gauges

History

1849: first test of Bourdon tube flat curved tube

Patented by Eugne Bourdon on: 18 / June / 1849

PRESSURE REFERENCES
Absolute
pressure
Athmosphric
pressure

gauge
pressure

Differential

vacuum

Absolute vacuum Athmospheric pressure

( theorical limit(fluctuating limit )
)

Pressure

Line pressure
(or static pressure )

P gauge = P absolute - P athmosphric

Diffrent types
Bourdon tube or
C tube
(from 400mbar to
60bar)

Pig tail tube

(from 60 bar to
3000bar)

Capsule
(from 0 to 600
mbar)

Diffrent types
(continued)

Spiral tube:
Mounted in gaz
thermometers

Bellows:
mounted in
differential
pressure gauges

Movement amplifier
Capsule pressure gauge

Manufacturing of
Bourdon tube

Raw material: depend on fluid in contact

with and external environnement .
- Steels
-brass
- Monel
- 316L stainless steel
- Bryllium copper

Diffrentes tube cross section availables,

Tube thickness according to pressure

Manufacturing of
Bourdon tubes (follow)

bar

bar

bar

bar
bar

Different cross section of tubes

according pressure range.

Manufacturing of
Bourdon tube
Principal requirements
Good resilience
homogeneous material
dimension and thickness as
uniform as possible for evenly
distributed tube working and no
weak points.
Tube thickness according to
pressure

Tube connector
assembly
Generaly speaking, the Connector is
attached to the Bourdon tube, and
is joined by:
Soldering: for medium and low
pressure gauges(<60bar)
Brazing: Using copper silver alloy
with melting point around 620C
Electric welding: For stainless
steels, argon arc welding is used
(TIG)

Bourdon tube with

mecanism and needle

Dplacement
Crss
section

Basic principle of
Bourdon tube
Displacement of tube

Cog sector of
circle

Cross section AA

Stub axle

Needle

Bourdon tube
Fitting

Parameters taken in
account to calculate the
travel of the tube
Material
Diameter and arc
Cross section
Working pressure
Overpressure
Life duration
The travel of the tube is
determined by laboratory
testing

Amount of travel
50 and 63
Bronze tube: travel=2.8 0.2
stainless steel tube: travel=2 0.2
100
Bronze tube: P= 0.4 bar:travel=5
P= 40 bar:travel=5
stainless steel tube:
P= 60 bar:travel=4.5
P= 1600 bar:travel=2.7

Working action of the

tube
This characteristic defines the
energy available atlthe end of
the tube.
This value is ascertained by
measurement.
In practical term it determines
the ability of a tube to actuate
pointers, contacts,etc...

First pressurisation
(non elastic
deformation)
A pressure is applied above the
maximum of the measurement
range(30%) for a few moment.
This as the effect of ensuring
that deformation elastic across
the measurement range.
And the modulus of elasticity
and limit of proportionnality are
increased

Terminology of
calibration and
metrology
Metallic pressure gauges (see standard
EN 837)
Accuracy:
accuracy is the maximum allowable
error expressed as a percentage of the
measurement range P.
Accuracy class:
the accuracy class of an instrument is
conventionnally defined as the
greatest value of the maximum
allowable error over the specified
measurement range

Displacement of Bourdon
tube parameters

Material
Diameter and arc
Section
Working pressure
Overpressure
time life

Displacement
of tube

Up to now no mathematical model is able to give us the

displacement of the tube according to the different parameters :
thickness, lenght, arc, etc The displacement of the tube is only
given by laboratory tests.

Internal volume of the

Bourdon tube
Tube volume:
It is internal volume of the tube with P=0

Absorbed volume:
The volume of the tube increase with pressure
applied
this value is measured in laboratory
This parameter is important when we use
chemechal seals associated with the gauge

Different parts of
pressure gauge

Mounting different types of

pressure fittings

Sealing gaskets

NPT

BSP
YES

NO

Mounting pressure gauges

in case of vibrations

Glycerin bath

Pressure gauge mounting in case

of high fluid process temperature

SIPHON

Hot fluid

Gauges mounted on
chemical seals

This application is described in the training

manual : chemical seals.

Gauges monting to avoid

YES

NO

Never tight a gauge holding it by the case.

Tight the the fitting with a spanner as shown

Pressure gauge
mounting with dampener

Dampener

Pressure gauges with

contact
Different kinds of contacts are
used in the pressure gauges:
Dry contacts

Magnetic contacts

Inductive contact device

Pressure gauges with contacts:

diffrents types de contacts

Dry contacts:

Contacts with magnets

inductives contacts

Connection of inductive contacts

Safe zone
SI Zone
Connections to
gauge

Control fonctions of the differents

contact sets
NF

Ref: 10.2

Mini
NO

Ref: 01.2

Contact open
Contact close

Maxi

Control fonctions of the differents

contact sets (follow)

Ref: 011.3

Maxi-maxi

Ref: 111.3
Maxi-mini
Contact open
Contact close

Control fonctions of the differents

contact sets (follow)

Ref: 101.3

Mini-maxi

Ref: 110.3

Mini-mini
Contact open
Contact close

Control fonctions of the differents

contact sets (follow)

Ref: 010.2

Ref: 101.2
Contact open
Contact close

Inter-index

Inter-index

Environnement influence:
protection index (EN60529)
Protection level of an apparatus is given by IP followed by two numbers according
the following chart

Exemple: IP65
Fist number :protection
against solid bodies

Second number :protection

against liquids

Pressure gauge mounting

3 back lugs
bottom
connection

Back flange,
bottom
connection

Front flange,
back
connection

Front flange,
bottom
connection

Flangeless
bottom
connection

3 back lugs
back
connection

Back flange
back
connection

Flangeless
back
connection

Front flange,
strap fixing
back
connection

Basic questions to
specify a pressure gauge

Basic question to define

pressure gauges
1: Case diameter
(codification: 4)
choose the diameter in mm:
40 50 63 80 100 150 160
2: pressure range and unit:
(codification: 10, 11,12)
.. bar
..mbar
..psi
..other (please give range and units )
3: Sensing element material:
Process fluid
fluid temprature max /min
Corrosive fluid: YES NO
4: Case material:
(codification: 2 et3)
Plastic
Steel
Stainless steel
5: Mounting type:
(codification: 6) choice among following mounting
A B C D E F G (see details)

6: Pressure fitting:
(codification: 7)
G1/2A
1/2 NPT
Other(to be defined)
7: Accuracy class:
According athmosphere
Standard
composition
Other(to be defined)
8: pressure reference
Gauge pressure
vacuum
Compound
Differential pressure
9: Eventual complementary questions:
(codification: 8): Dry case
Liquid filled case against vibrations
Overpressure (give value):
.
Protection index:
Standard case
other (give value)
Eventual electrical contacts:
CES, CES-A, CEI, CEI+RSI (ADF)
1 contact
2 contacts

10: Other particular features to be

defined
11: Eventual accessories
Capillary tube
Siphon
Adaptor fitting
Dampener
valve
restrictor screw
Chemical seal
other

Europeen normalisation
Norm EU

Sensing element
material

Sensing
element type

Accuracy limit
Accuracy class

Accuracy
Accuracy is most frequently 1%
of the measurement range between
1/4 and 3/4 of the maximum scale.
Other accuracy classes:
0.6 -1 -1.6 - 2.5 - 4
Calibration and verification
version:
0.25 - 0.5
laboratory version
0.1

Accuracy of a pressure gauge

EN837

Accuracy class:1
(means 1% of full scale)

Accuracy of a pressure gauge

EN837 (other exemple)

Index which
shows limit of
accuracy class

Accuracy class:1.6
(means 1,6 % of FS)

MIT-3, MIT-5
pressure gauge

SS case,2 1/2 and 4diameters (MIT3,MIT5)

ABS case 2 1/2 diameter (MMP3)
Anti-vibrating system
Filled with dampening liquid

Process control gauge

MTR

From 0 +2bar (0-30psi) to 0+11 bar

(0+160psi) in four ranges
triple graduations: bar, kg/cm2:black
psi:red
IP32 according to NF EN60529

Industrial pressure gauge

type MML

Case:stamped brass
Range from -1+0 to 0 + 600 bar (8700psi)
class1,6
water tight can be filled with dampening
liquid (BH)

Industrial gauges
MMA

80 - 100 - 150 - 160mm

momentary overpressure allowed
Tight,can be filled with a dampening
liquid
class 1 accuracy

All stainless steel

pressure gauge
MMX2-MMX3

50 - 63mm
designed for the chemical, pharmaceutical
industries.
Class1.6
Units:bar,Kpa, psi, kg/cm2
whithstand corrsive fluids and athmosphere

Industrial stainless steel

MEX and monel
pressure gauge MEM

50- 63mm
Robust to harsh environnement, and agressive
fluids
Watertight, can be filled with a dampening
liquid
class1.6 (option:class 1)
all ss (MEX) and monel tube(MEM)

High pressure industrial

gauge MFP7

0-2000to 0- 4000 bar

High pressure gauge
Class 1.6
Safety shield

Industrial capsule
pressure gauges

Low pressure measurement

Class1.6
Standard version: MTA5
Stainless steel version:MTX5
Pressure range from -600+0mbar to 0+600mbar

Differential pressure
gauge MDX

Differential pressure measurement from

0 +0.1 bar to 0 +25 bar
Static pressure:0.6 100 bar
equipped with bellows

Stainless steel gauge

MEX5 type
DN 100mm
Class 1
vacuum and
pressure:-1 - 0
bar
gauge
pressure:
0-1600 bar

Gauge with integrated

chemical seal MRA

Corrosive liquids and low viscosity

DN100mm
class: 1,6
Range: 60mbar 25 bar

Pressure gauge MPG

For petroleum industry

Phnolic resin case

class: 0.5
Ranges:-1- 0 1- 1600bar gauge

Pressure gauge type

KMCY2 class 100

High purity
for semiconductor
industry
dry contact
included