NATURE OF

COUNTING

TOPICS:

Principle of
Counting
Permutations
Combinations

Fundamental Principle of Counting

The Browns plan to have trip in this

autumn. There are 15 destinations for
choosing. They can take a train, a
ship or a plane. They could take this
trip by themselves or following the
tourist group. How many different
possible choices are before them?

different choices

In Terrys bookshelf there are

16 different novels, 12 different
comic books and 9 different
math books. He plans to gift
his sister 1 novel, 1 comic book
and 1 math book, how many
possible combinations could he
choose? different collocations

In a NBA team there are 6 players from east of

USA, 4 players from west of USA and 8 players
from oversea. Now they need to elect one form
east, one from west and one from oversea to
attend the union meeting, how many possible
combinations could the 3 members be made
of?

In Kates closet there are 21 different

skirt, 5 different hats and 9 different
shoes. To join Mikes birthday party,
how many possible collocations could
she choose?

The new frozen yogurt shop down the

street offers 20 flavors and 8
toppings. You can order a regular,
sugar, waffle, or chocolate frozen
yogurt cone. How many possible
combinations in 1 cones that can you
order ?

PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

Whats the difference?

In English we use the word

"combination"
loosely,
without
thinking if the order of things is
important.

So, in Mathematics we use more accurate

language: - If the order doesn't matter, it
is a Combination.

PRACTICE!
Determine whether each of the following
situations is a Combination or Permutation.
1.Creating an access code for a computer
site using anyPERMUTATION
8 alphabet letters.
2. Determining how many different ways you
can elect a Chairman and Co-Chairman of a
PERMUTATION
committee if you have
10 people to choose

3. Voting to allow 10 new members to join a

club when there are 25 thatCOMBINATION
would like to
join.
PERMUTATION
4. Finding different
ways to arrange a line-up
for batters on a baseball team.
COMBINATION
5. Choosing 3 toppings for a pizza
if there are
9 choices.

6. Suppose that 7 people enter a swim meet.

Assuming that there are no ties, in how
PERMUTATION
many ways could the gold, silver,
and bronze
medals be awarded?
7. How many different four-letter passwords
PERMUTATION
can be created
for a software access if no
letter can be used more than once?
8. How many different
7-card hands can be
COMBINATION

9. There are 25 people who work in an office

together. Five of these people are selected to
attend five different conferences. The first
person selected will go to a conference in
Hawaii, the second will go to New York, the
third will go to San Diego, the fourth will go to
Atlanta,
and the fifth will go to Nashville. How
PERMUTATION
many such selections are possible?
10. If there are nine songs that are appropriate
for a time slot, how
many ways can we choose
COMBINATION

PERMUTATIONS
There are basically two types of permutation:

1. Repetition is Allowed: PIN number. It

could be "333".
2. No Repetition: for example the first three
people in a running race. You can't be first
and second.

1.Permutations with Repetition

times
Example: In the lock above, there are 10 numbers to choose from
(0, 1, 2, ...9) and we need 4 of them.
Solution: permutations
Formula:

2. Permutations without Repetition

Example: What order could 16 pool balls be in?
Solution: permutations
Formula:
Example #2: But maybe we don't want to choose them all, just 3 of them.
Solution:
Formula:

Answer this.
1. A toxicologist would like to test
the effectiveness of three new
insecticides on rice fields, but he
has 7 different locations of
barangays. How many different
tests could he perform using the 3
strains of insecticide 1 for each
barangay?
210 experiments

P(n, r) = nPr
P

7 3

experiments

2. In how many ways can four integers

(1, 2, 3 and 4) permute taken a) two at a
time? b) three at a time?

a) numbers
b) three-digit numbers

3. How many permutations can be made from the

letters in the word SUNDAY if (a) 4 letters are
used a time; (b) all letters are used; (c) all letters
are used but the first is a vowel?
Solution:

a) permutations
b) permutations
c)

4. How many numbers of five different digits each can

be made from the digits 1, 2, 3, , 9 if (a) the numbers
must be odd; and (b) the first two digits with each
number are even?
Solution:

a)

ways of 5-digit odd numbers

b) ways for first two even numbers

ways for remaining last 3 digits
So, ways

(Permutations of n Objects Some are Alike)

Examples:

1.The number of ways of arranging the word FOOD .

ways

2. The number of ways of arranging the word PHILIPPINES.

ways

3. In how many different ways can we arrange 10

experimental hamsters in 10 laboratory cages if 4
hamsters are white, 3 are brown and 3 are gray?
ways

COMBINATIONS
There are basically two types of permutation:

1. Repetition is Allowed: such as coins in your

pocket (5, 1, 5, 5, 1, 10, 10)
2. No Repetition: such as lottery numbers (2, 5, 6,
17, 29, 21)

Examples:
1. In a hospital with 20 medical doctors, how many ways can
we select 5 at a time to be in the operating room?
Formula:
2. Given 5 sets of medicines, in how many ways can we select
sets of (a) 2? (b) 3?
3. A bottle contains 4 red, 3 blue, and 2 white vitamin
capsules. In how many ways can we select 3 capsules with (a)
one for each color? (b) all red? (c) two blue and one white? (d)
exactly two blue? (e) no white? (f) at least two red? (g) at
most 2 red?

because

-an empty set can only be ordered one way

-we know that:
(by working backward)
1! = 1
2! = 1!*2
2! = 2
3! = 2!*3
3! = 6
4! = 3!*4
4! = 24

We can turn this around:

4! = 24
3! = 4!/4
3! = 6
2! = 3!/3
2! = 2
1! = 2!/2
1! = 1
0! = 1!/1

http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.0factorial.html

0! = 1

-we can deduce from the identity .

We know that but we do not know what is .

1)( ? )

What will be the value of

0! to satisfy the equation?

https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3ri6b0/why_

THANK YOU!