Happy New Year!

Welcome to SPRING 2016

MEEN 4800.001

ADVANCED NON-NEWTONIAN
FLUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA
A Mechanical and Energy Engineering Elective
Course
Instructor: Dr. Kuruvilla John

MEEN 4800.001

Oil and Gas

Instructor

Dr. Kuruvilla John

Instructor Bio
Prof. Kuruvilla John
B.S. Chemical Engineering, Anna University, India
M.S. Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Iowa
Ph.D. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa

Employment history:

Industrial and technical sales for a major paint manufacturer in India;

consulting environmental engineer in Iowa;
visiting research scientist at IBM-Bergen, Norway;
research associate for New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation and University at Albany;
14 years as a faculty and administrator at Texas A&M University
Kingsville

Assistant Professor;
Graduate Coordinator;
Associate Professor:
Chairman;
Associate Dean;
Professor; and
Interim Dean of the Frank H. Dotterweich College of Engineering

6+ years at UNT as Professor and Associate Dean of Research and

Graduate Studies in the College of Engineering

Student Introduction
1. State your name
2. Where are you from? (Geographical identity)
3. When will you graduate?
4. Why are you taking this course on
Advanced Non-Newtonian Fluids in Porous
Media aka Oil and Gas?
5. What are your expectations of this course?

Introduction to SPE

UNTs Society of Petroleum

Engineering Student Chapter
http://
engineering.unt.edu/ceo/society-petro
leum-engineers-spe

Discussion

Syllabus and course content

Textbook(s)
Email list via Blackboard
Blackboard access and content
Weblink(s) and reading material
provided online
Lecture & teaching format
Guest lecturers

Discussion
Guest lectures (~ 4-5)
Class work (discuss reading material and
related work as a team)
Homework and Assignments (work
individually, can discuss with classmates)
Quizzes and Exams (work individually)
Term project(s) (team-based with strict
deadlines)
** Late submissions (assignments or term
project) will be penalized
*** Plagiarism and cheating will NOT be
tolerated.

Discussion

Three - four assignments (TBD)

One project (topic TBD)
Quizzes (TBD)
Two exams (mid-term March 8; final
May 12)
A mix of in-class and/or take-home
Open book, notes, web, etc.

Course Syllabus
Course description: Overview of the petroleum industry and
petroleum engineering including nature of oil and gas reservoirs,
petroleum exploration and drilling, formation evaluation, completion and
production, surface facilities, reservoir mechanics, and improved oil
recovery. The course will also provide detailed discussion on fuels and
refining processes.
Catalog Description: The course provides an overview and history of
the oil and gas industry and petroleum engineering, including nature of
oil and gas reservoirs, petroleum exploration and drilling, formation
evaluation, well completions and production, surface facilities, reservoir
mechanics, and improved oil recovery. It introduces the importance of
ethical, societal, and environmental considerations and current events
on activities in the petroleum industry.
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor.
Textbook: None. Reading materials and handouts will be provided.

Course Syllabus

Reference books:
Fundamentals of Petroleum, 5th Ed., Denehy, Debby (ed.), The
University of Texas, Continuing and Innovative Education,
Petroleum Extension Service, 2011.

Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling

and Production, 2nd Edition, Hyne, Norman J., Penn Well Books,
2001.

Fuels, Energy and the Environment, Karim, Ghazi A., CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

Course Syllabus
Course objectives:
(1)to provide students with fundamental concepts associated
with the oil and gas industry;
(2)to introduce them to up-stream, mid-stream and downstream activities via guest lectures by industry professionals;
(3)to highlight key engineering problems and solutions relevant
to the energy industry sector.

Learning outcomes:
Knowledge of the fundamental concepts of petroleum fuels
Ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
Knowledge of global and societal issues related to petroleum fuels
and energy production
Knowledge of industrial practices in the oil and gas sector
Performing on a team-based project

Course Content
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Nature of Oil & Gas
U.S. and Global Energy Production and
Demand

Fuels
Classification
Energy Systems
Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics

Geology
Basic Geology
Structural Geology
Petroleum Geology

Course Content
Petroleum Exploration
Petroleum Exploration
Tools and Techniques
Mineral Rights and Leasing

Drilling
Rotary Rig Basics
Mud Systems
Directional Drilling

Formation Evaluation

Mud Logging
Well Logging
Drillstem Tests
Core Analysis

Course Content
Completions
Casing Design
Cementing
Completion Techniques

Reservoir Engineering
Material Balance
Decline Curve Analysis
Immiscible Displacement & Waterflooding
EOR Techniques

Production Engineering
Inflow Performance
Well Stimulation Techniques
Artificial Lift

Course Content
Unconventional Sources

Oil Sands
Oil Shale
Shale Gas (Fracking)
Methane Hydrates

Transportation and Refining

Transportation and Storage

Refining and Processing
Gas Processing
Petrochemicals

Topical Issues

Petroleum Economics
Peak Oil Theories
Environmental, Health and Safety Concerns
Energy Options and Policy

Syllabus (continued)
Course format: 3 hours of lecture per week; Tue & Thur
4:00 5:20 p.m.

Office hours:
Tue & Thur 2:00 4:00 p.m.
(Room A160E Deans complex;
please fix an appointment via email to meet)
Grading:
Homework, quizzes, and other assignments
25%
Class project(s)
25%
Midterm exam
20%
Final exam
20%
Class participation
10%
Total
100%

Contact
Dr. Kuruvilla John
Professor and Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies
Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
College of Engineering
Room A160E
University of North Texas
Denton, Texas 76207
kuruvilla.john@unt.edu
(940) 565-4302

MEEN 4800.001

Oil and Gas

http://www.oil-price.net/

Instructor

Dr. Kuruvilla John

Todays Fuel Prices

Online Resources
Retail Outlet Price
www.TexasGasPrices.com

Crude Oil Price

http://www.oil-price.net/

NYMEX Commodity Futures Price

http://www.nasdaq.com/markets/crude-oil.aspx
http://www.nasdaq.com/markets/natural-gas.aspx

Gas Prices

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=18971
Data as of November 24, 2015 and provided by
GasBuddy.com

Oil and Gas Prices

http://www.oil-price.net/
Oil costs less than many things
Gas price fell 77 cents at one Michigan St
ation
Gas Prices by Country
http://www.bloomberg.com/visual-data/ga
s-prices
/

Recent News on Oil and Gas

Boom goes bust for oil drillers as crude prices tum
ble
Fortune
Texas oil boom heading for bust in a hurry - The Da
llas
...
Former Saudi oil boss says it can cope with low
price
Saudi Arabia can last eight years on low oil prices,
says ...
How Low Can Oil Go? - The New Yorker

Weekly retail gasoline

price - EIA

https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=24552#

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=18971
Data as of November 24, 2015

Primary uses of Oil and

Gas?

Primary Energy Consumption in

United States by Source and Sector 2013

urce: Annual Energy Review 2011, U.S. Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/archive/038411.pdf

Applications of Oil and

Gas
Uses for Oil and Gas
Transportation
Home heating
Cooking
Petrochemicals

Energy Sources
In United States the primary energy
sources for electricity generation are
Coal (45%)
Natural gas (23%)
Renewables (10%)
Nuclear (20%)
Oil & other liquids (1%)

Energy Sources

nergy Consumption by Primary Fuel

Energy Consumption by Sector

Energy Outlook 2014 with projections to 2040, U.S. Energy Information Administration, http://www.eia.gov/

Fuels
As a source of energy
They are classified according to the
phase or state in which they exist
Gaseous
Liquid
Solid

Fuel Classification
Solid, liquid or gas (at ambient
conditions)
Organic or non-organic
Fossil or non-fossil
Conventional or alternative
Mineral fuels or bio-fuels
Of low, medium or high heating value
Natural or synthetic

Desirable Properties of Fuels

High energy density on mass and/or volume basis
Good combustion characteristics high burning
rates, low ignition energy, high combustion
temperatures, etc.
Easy and inexpensive refining and processing
High thermal stability
Compatibility with materials and hardware in engine,
furnace or combustor
Safe and easy to transport, handle, and store
Miscible with other fuels when needed
Low sulfur, nitrogen and ash content
Low toxicity and exhaust emissions
Good storage, handling and combustion
characteristics at high and low ambient

Specific Energy Values of

Energy Storage Systems
Energy Storage Medium
Hydrogen
120.0
Methane 50.0
Gasoline 42.0 44.0
Diesel 42.5
Ethanol 26.8
Methanol 19.7
Li-ion battery
0.46
Ni-MH battery
0.36
Lead-acid battery 0.14

Specific Energy (MJ/kg)

Introduction to Oil and

Gas

What is petroleum?
Sources of oil and gas
Historical perspectives
Various types of
petroleum engineering
career tracks

https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=62LvVYYqUFA

What Does Petroleum

Mean?
Petroleum literally means rock oil.
The word comes from the Greek word
petra (meaning rock) and the
Latin word oleum (meaning oil).
The word petrol is a shortened
version of petroleum.
Petroleum products are all the
substances made from petroleum.

Petroleum History
The mineral have been used since the earliest
ages .
The early age humans gave petroleum many
names some of these names still used today like
naphtha, petro's and petroleum.
Reports on petroleum especially on the use of
petroleum have been found in Mesopotamian
libraries about 4000 BC the source was surface
springs or tar tips.
Most of these finding were not productive, therefore
people start looking for oil under the earth.

Petroleum History
The Chinese invented the bamboo rig to obtain
oil and gas to use for lighting and cooking.
Oil found under ground is called crude oil.
The modern oil industry dates back about 150
years.
The worlds first oil well was drilled in Titusville,
Pennsylvania in 1859. It struck oil at 21 metres
(69 ft) below ground and produced 3,000 litres of
oil a day.
Known as the Drake Well, after "Colonel" Edwin
Drake, the man responsible for the well. This
started an international search for petroleum,
and in many ways eventually changed the way
we live.

Where does oil come

from?
Dead animals, plants, micro
organisms buried under sand and
mud of the oceans and land over
millions of years the got buried
deeper and deeper the heat and the
pressure turned the mud in to rocks
and the dead animals and plants into
oil and gas.

Crude Oil - Wikipedia

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally
occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting
of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of
various molecular weights, and other
organic compounds, that are found in
geologic formations beneath the Earth's
surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly
through oil drilling. It is refined and
separated, most easily by boiling point, into
a large number of consumer products, from
gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and
chemical reagents used to make plastics and
pharmaceuticals.

Petroleum structure
Crude oil is made from different
chemicals called hydrocarbons.
Crude oil properties and
characteristics are not always the
same and it is different from
location to location.
The relative properties of oil
compounds determine its physical
properties (density, viscosity, etc.)
It is black and thick fluid and in
some cases it is almost colorless,
usually it is brown treacle.

Global Crude Oil

Reserves - 2014

http://
www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=5&pid=5
7&aid=6

Oil producing countries

https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_producti

How Long Will The Worlds Oil Last?

Oil took millions of years to form and the oil supplies in the
ground won't last for ever.
The oil fields already discovered are estimated to hold over 1
trillion (1012) barrels of oil that.
Although we are using oil very quickly these days, the reserves
go up every year. This is because more oil is discovered and
new ways are found in extracting oil that couldn't be got out
easily through unconventional methods (such as fracturing of
shale).
Even so, our oil won't last for ever. At the moment, the world
uses about 26 billion barrels every year. At this rate, there
should be enough conventional oil for at least another 40-50
years.
It is likely that more oil (unconventional sources) will be
discovered over the next few decades.
Oil companies are always searching for new oil fields and there
are still lots more deep sea areas to explore.

What is petroleum engineering?

An engineering discipline concerned with the activities related

to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude
oil or natural gas.
Considered as upstream sector of the oil and gas industry,
which are the activities of finding and producing oil and gas.
Multidisciplinary teams of engineers working for the production
of hydrocarbons (either crude oil or natural gas) .
A petroleum engineer is involved in nearly all stages of oil and
gas field evaluation, development and production. The goal of
a petroleum engineer is to maximize hydrocarbon recovery at a
minimum cost while maintaining a strong emphasis on
reducing all associated environmental problems.
Petroleum Engineers work as Reservoir Engineers, Drilling
Engineers or Production Engineers, but there are also
engineers who work in Petroleum Economics and Natural Gas
Engineering.

Reservoir
engineers
Reservoir engineering involves the estimation oil and gas
deposits.
Reservoir engineer estimates the size of a reservoir,
determine oil and gas reserves and work to maximize the
economic return from these reservoirs.
It is not possible to know what is under the ground,
Reservoir Engineers work together with geologists and
geophysicists to find the reserves of oil and gas using
the laws of physics and chemistry that affect the
behavior of liquid and vapor phases of oil, natural gas,
and water in rock.
Salary.com data for an entry level Reservoir Engineer I
http://
swz.salary.com/SalaryWizard/Reservoir-Engineer-I-Salary-Details.
aspx

Types of Reservoir
Engineering
Surveillance engineer involves monitoring
existing reservoirs.
Production engineer involves optimizing
production rates of oil and gas.
Simulation modeler involves conducting
computational studies to locate potential
reservoirs.
Geothermal engineer involves the
development and maintenance of hot
water or steam reservoirs.

Drilling Engineer
Drilling engineers job is to drill the well to
produce oil or gas.
Drilling engineers plan, cost and supervise
drilling of oil and gas wells. They work
with the initial design of the well, testing,
completion and, abandonment.
Salary.com data http://
swz.salary.com/SalaryWizard/Drilling-Engineer-I-Salary-Deta
ils.aspx

Types of Drilling Engineering

Completions engineer
Workover engineer
Well abandonment engineer
Deepwater drilling engineer

Production
Engineer
A Production engineer works in designing and choosing
the equipment to get the well to produce oil and gas.
The Production engineer coordinates the installation,
maintenance and operation of the mining and oilfield
equipment, and manage the boundary between the
well and the reservoir using perforations, sand control,
artificial lift, and downhole control.
The Production engineer oversee the well to make sure
it is producing oil or gas in the most economic way.
Suggests recommendation to enhance the efficiency
of the oil well.

Natural Gas Engineering

Petroleum Engineering applied to the
development of natural gas resources.
Natural gas has become an increasingly
significant source of energy to people all over
the world. Not only does the world have huge
resources of natural gas but it also offers
lower greenhouse gas emissions than other
hydrocarbons.

Discussion
Questions???
Comment(s).
Thoughts.
Advice!
Random musing.