Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BEHAVIOUR OF INDIVIDUALS
Organizational behaviour is
traditionally considered as the
study of human behaviour in
the work place.
FOUNDATION OF INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOR
Biographical characteristics
1. Age: two distinct age group, Younger or Older.
2. Gender: Male or Female.
3. Race: individual favor race which affect
employment decision.
4. Social Groups: focus for scheduled cast, tribes
and backward classes (Reservation benefits)
5. Tenure: duration of time in the job.
6. Religion: people of different religion faith
conflict, so manger need to be sensitive.
ABILITY
Intellectual Abilities
1. Number Aptitude
(Mathematics)
2. Verbal Comprehension
(English)
3. Perceptual Speed,
4. Reasoning,
5. Deductive Reasoning,
6. Spatial Visualization,
7. Memory
ABILITY
DIMENSIONS OF INTELLECTUAL
ABILITY
1. Number
PHYSICAL ABILITIES
Nine Basic physical abilities:
Strength Factor:
1. Dynamic Strength: ability to exert muscular force on
regular basis
2. Trunk strength; ability to exert muscular force using
trunk or abdominal muscles.
3. Static strength: ability to exert force against external
objects,
4. Explosive strength: ability to expend maximum energy
to one or series of acts in minimum time.
. Flexibility or Agility Factors:
5. Extent flexibility: ability to move the trunk and back
muscles as far as possible.
6. Dynamic Flexibility: ability to make rapid, flexing
movements.
PHYSICAL ABILITIES
Nine Basic physical abilities:
Other factors:
7. Body coordination: ability to coordinate all
parts of body.
8. Balance: ability to maintain balance while
moving muscles of body.
9. Stamina: ability to regularly exert energy
for long period of time
TYPES OF VALUES
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN
VALUES
BY GORDON ALLPORT
ATTITUDE
Attitude:
An attitude is a psychological
tendency expressed by evaluating a
particular entity with some degree of
favor or disfavor.
Attitudes are evaluative statementseither favorable or unfavorable
concerning objects, people, or events.
Components of attitudes:
Cognitive or informational component.
Affective or emotional component.
Conative or behavioral component.
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES
My supervisor is unfair
Perceptions, values,
opinions & Evaluative
beliefs
1.
Cognitive component:
Why we feel that way?
Friendly,
aggressive,
hostile
3.
Conative component:
How we intend to behave
towards the situation?
I am going to request
for a transfer
2.
Affective component:
How we feel towards the
situation?
Positive,
Neutral or
Negative
A fair supervision is
important to me
I dont like my supervisor
FLOW PROCESS
Beliefs and
values
create
predisposes
Attitudes
Behavior
FEATURES OF ATTITUDE
Attitudes
affect behavior.
Attitudes are not visible.
Attitudes are
acquired/learned.
Attitudes are pervasive.
treated.
us to defend ego.
DETERMINANTS / SOURCES OF
ATTITUDES
Experience cognitive
component
2. Family- influences initial core of attitudes
3. Peer groups rely on approval
4. Society: Social class, religious affiliation,
culture, language, formal & informal
education.
5. Association: Geographic region, religion,
educational background, race, sex ,age,
income.
Psychological factors:
Education, work, health, religion, politics.
Economic factors:
Economic status, inflation rate, policies of
government, economic conditions.
Social factors:
Language, culture, norms, values, beliefs.
Political factors:
Ideologies of political parties, political stability,
behavior of political leaders.
Organizational factors:
Nature of job, fellow employees, quality of
supervision, monetary rewards, trade unions,
informal groups, organization policies.
CHANGE OF ATTITUDE
Persuasive communication:
Most common method used to change
attitude.
Effort of persuasion involve following four
elements
1. Source:
Directs some sort of message to the target.
2. Communication:
The actual message that is directed to the
target person or group.
3. Target or Audience:
Person or persons who receive the
message.
4. Channel or medium of communication:
PREJUDICES
JOB SATISFACTION
MEASURING JOB
SATISFACTION
Questionnaire
popular one
Measures twenty different facets including creativity,
independence, supervision-human relations, supervisiontechnical and working conditions.
Job Rotation
Job Enlargement
Horizontal expansion of tasks
JOB ENRICHMENT
Vertical expansion of tasks includes:
Decision making: increase operator
authority
Accountability: Reward based on
performance.
Responsibility : increase operator
responsibility
CLASS ASSIGNMENT
Answer each question not more than one
A4 sheet
(both sides).
1. Define attitudes. How attitude differ
from opinions and beliefs? How
attitudes affect behaviour.
2. How do attitudes form? What are the
characteristics and function of
attitudes?
3. Can attitudes be changed? What is the
method and What are the factors to be
taken into account in attitude change?
(Last date of submission 27 June 2016.)
PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY :
Personality can be defined as relatively
stable set of characteristics that
influences an individuals behavior. Two
main determinants of personality are
heredity and environment.
Heredity :
Those factors that were determined at
conception (by nature).
E.g. : Physical stature, gender, facial
features, temperament, muscle composition
and reflexes, energy level are either
completely or partially influenced by parents.
MAJOR PERSONALITY
ATTRIBUTES INFLUENCING OB
Authoritarianism
Locus of Control
Machiavellianism
Introversion vs. Extroversion
Achievement oriented
Self-Esteem
Risk-Taking
Self-Monitoring
Type A & Type B Personality
MAJOR PERSONALITY
ATTRIBUTES INFLUENCING OB
MAJOR PERSONALITY
ATTRIBUTES
MAJOR PERSONALITY
ATTRIBUTES
Risk-Taking:
High Risk-Taking Managers
Make quicker decisions using less information.
Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations.
Low Risk-Taking Managers
Are slower to make decisions needs more
information.
Exist in larger organizations with stable
environments.
Self-Monitoring: An individuals ability to adjust his
or her behavior to external situations.
High Self-Monitors
Type B
Never suffer from a
sense of time urgency
with its accompanying
impatience.
Feel no need to
display or discuss
either their
achievements or
accomplishments.
Play for fun and
relaxation, rather than
to exhibit their
superiority at any cost.
Can relax without
guilt.
PERSONALITY THEORIES
Four major theories of personalities are
Trait theory.
Psychodynamic theory.
Humanistic theory / Self theory.
Social Learning Theory.
TRAIT THEORY
Raymond Bernard Cattell
British and Americanpsychologist
TRAIT THEORY
All traits can be reduced to five basic global
traits
(Big Five traits)
Extraversion : outgoing, talkative, sociable &
assertive.
Agreeableness : Trusting, good natured, cooperative, soft-hearted.
Conscientiousness : Dependable, responsible,
achievement oriented, persistent.
Emotional stability : Relaxed, secure,
unworried.
Openness to experience : Intellectual,
imaginative, curious, broad-minded.
TRAIT THEORY
CRITICISM
Simply identifying trait is note enough;
instead personality is dynamic and not
stable.
Ignore the influence of situations.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
Sigismund Schlomo Freud
Austrian neurologist
Founding father ofpsychoanalysis
HUMANISTIC THEORY
SELF THEORY
Daryl J. Bem
Social psychologist
PERCEPTION
PERCEPTUAL PROCESS
Organization
Input
Selection
Interpretation
Outputs
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISING
Principles of grouping / Gestalt laws
of grouping
Similarity
Closure
Proximity
Continuity
Symmetry
Hering Illusion
German physiologist Ewald Hering
Gradient Illusion
Simultaneous contrast illusion
PERCEPTUAL AMBIGUITY
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
EXAMPLES
FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION
ERROR
SELF-SERVING BIAS
BARRIERS TO PERCEPTION
SHORTCUTS TO JUDGE OTHERS
CORRECTLY
IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
BAD IMPRESSION
ASSIGNMENT
1.
2.
3.
BLESSEDTERESA OF
CALCUTTA
(MOTHER TERESA)
THANK YOU