Mathematics

Session

Circle Sessions - 3

Session Objectives

Session Objective
1.

Equation Of Family Of Circles

2.

Equation Of Chord Whose

mid Point is Given

3.

Equation Of Chord Of Contact

4.

Angle Between Two Circles

5.

Orthogonal Intersection

6.

Equation Of Common Chord

Equation Of Family Of Circles

Family of circles passing through
the intersection of a circle S = 0
and a line L = 0 is
S=0

A
S+L = 0

L=0

Questions

Illustrative Problem
Write the family of circles passing
through the intersection of x2 + y2 9 =
0 and x + y 1 = 0. Find that member
of this family which passes through the
origin.
Solution:
Family of required circle is
S + L = 0

Solution Cond.
(x2 y2 9) (x y 1) 0 ...(1)
Since the required circle passes
through the origin, we have
(0+0-9) + (0+0-1) = 0
= -9
Substituting value of in (1) we get
x2 y2 9x 9y 0

Equation Of Family Of Circles

Passing through points (x1,y1)
and (x2,y2)
B(x2,y2)

A(x1,y1)

S (x-x1)(x-x2) + (y-y1)(y-y2) = 0
y2 y1
L y y1
0
x2 x1
Family of circles is S + L = 0

Questions

Illustrative Problem
Find the equation of the circle passing
through the (4,1), (6,5) and having
its centre on 4x+3y-16=0
Solution:
Circle whose end points of diameter are
(4,1), (6,5) is
(x 4)(x 6) (y 1)(y 5) 0
Equation of line passing through
(4,1) and (6,5) is 2x-y-7=0.
Therefore family of circles is
x2 y2 10x 6y 29 (2x y 7) 0

Solution Cond.
6

centre is 5,
lies on 4x 3y 16 0

26
6

16

5
2

4( 5) 3

Circle is 5(x2 y2 10x 6y 29) 26(2x y 7) 0

5x2 5y2 2x 56y 37 0

Equation of family of circle

which touches a given circle S
at a given point (x1,y1)
S=0

A(x1,y1)

L=0
S + L = 0 where L = 0 is tangent at the
given point on it.

Questions

Illustrative problem
Find the equation of the circle
which touches the circle x2+y2=25
at (3,4) and passes through (1,1).
Solution:
Tangent at (3,4) is 3x+4y-25=0
Therefore family of circle
touching x2+y2-25 at (3,4) is
x2 y2 25 (3x 4y 25) 0

Solution Cond.
It passes thorough (1,1)
1 + 1 25 +

(3x+4y-25) = 0

23
18

Therefore the required equation of

the circle is
23
x y 25
(3x 4y 25) 0
18
2

Equation of circles which

touches a given line at a given
point on it
A(x1,y1)

L=0
S (x x1 )2 (y y1)2 0
family of circle is S + L=0

Questions

Illustrative Problem
Find the equation of the circle
passing through origin(0,0) and
touching the line 2x+y-1=0 at (1,-1)
Solution:
Family of the circles touching
2x+y-1 = 0 at (1,-1) is
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 (2x y 1) 0
It passes through (0,0)
=2
the equation of the circle is x2 y2 2x 4y 0

Equation of Circle Passing through

the points of intersection of two
circles
S1 = 0

S2 = 0

S1 + S2 = 0 ( -1)

Question

Illustrative Problem
Find the equation of circle passing
through origin and the points of
intersection of the two circles x2 + y2
- 4x - 6y 3 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 4x 2y 4 = 0
Solution:
Equation of family of circle is
x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y 3 + (x2 + y2 + 4x - 2y - 4) = 0
3
It passes through (0,0)

4
=>x2 + y2 - 28x - 18y = 0

Equation of chord whose

mid-point is (x1,y1)
S=0
C=(0,0)
A

D
(x1,y1)

xx1 + yy1 = x12 + y12

T = S1

Questions

Illustrative Problem
Find the equation of the chord of
the circle (x-1)2 + (y-2)2 = 4 whose
mid point is (2,1).
Solution: Method 1
Equation of circle is

x2 y2 2x 4y 1 0

x 2
y 1
T 2(x) 1(y) 2
4
1 0

2
2

T x y 3 0
S1 (2)2 (1)2 2(2) 4(1) 1
T S1 x y 3 2

xy 1

Illustrative Problem
Find the equation of the chord of
the circle (x-1)2 + (y-2)2 = 4 whose
mid point is (2,1).
Solution Method 2:

Slope of CD
C=(1,2)
A

D
(2,1)

2 1
1
12

Slope of AB = 1
B

Equation of AB is
xy1=0

Equation of chord of contact of

tangents drawn from a point
(x1,y1)
B(x3,y3)

Equation of chord of
contact is

P(x1,y1)

xx1+yy1=a2
A(x2,y2)

or
T=0

Question

Illustrative problem
Find the equation of chord of contact of
a point (-2,-3) with respect to circle x2 +
y2 - 2x - 6y + 1=0

Solution :
Required circle is T = 0
x(-2) + y(-3) 2(-2) 6(-3) + 1 = 0
2x + 3y - 23 = 0

Angle at which two circles

intersect
S1 =0

P
r1

C1

S2 = 0
r2

C2

d = distance(c1,c2)
d2 r12 r22
cos
2r1r2

Question

Illustrative Problem
Find the angle at which the
circles x2 + y2 8x 2y - 9 =0
and x2 + y2 + 2x + 8y - 7 = 0
intersect.
Solution :
C1 = (4,1); r1 =
C2 = (-1,-4); r2 =

16 1 9 26
1 16 7 24

d2 25 25 50
cos

50 26 24
2 26 24

90o

Orthogonal Intersection
S1=0

S2=0
r1

C1

90

r2

C2

d = distance (c1,c2)
Method 1:
d2 = r12+r22

Orthogonal Intersection
S1=0

S2=0
r1

C1

90

r2

C2

Method 2:
2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2

Question

Illustrative Problem
If two circles of equal radii a with
centre (2,3) and (5,6) respectively cut
each other orthogonally then find the
value of a.
Solution :
Two circles cut orthogonally
d2 r12 r22
d (2 5)2 (3 6)2 3 2
Therefore a2 + a2 = 18 => a = 3

Common Chord Of two circles

S1 = 0 and S2 = 0
S1 =0

S2 =0
A
B

Equation of common chord is S1 - S2 = 0

Question

Illustrative Problem
Find the equation of common chord of
two circles x2 + y2 =25 and
4x2 + 4y2 - 40x + 91=0
Solution :
here S1 x2 y2 25 0
91
S2 x y 10x
0
4
2

S1 S2 0 40x 191 0

Class Test

Class Exercise - 1
A variable chord is drawn through the
origin to the circle x2 + y2 2ax = 0.
The locus of the centre of the circle
drawn on this chord as diameter is

(a) x 2 y 2 ax 0 (b) x 2 y 2 ay 0
(c) x 2 y 2 ax 0 (d) x 2 y 2 ay 0

Solution
Let (h, k) be the centre of the circle.
Then (h, k) being the mid-point of
the chord of the given circle

hx ky a x h h2 k 2 2ah.
Since it passes through (0, 0)

ah h2 k 2 2ah h2 k 2 ah 0
Locus is x 2 y 2 ax 0
Hence, answer is (c).

Class Exercise - 2
If the circle passes through the point
(a, b) and cuts the circle orthogonally,
equation of the locus of its centre is
(a) 2ax + 2by = a2 + b2 + k2

(b) ax by a2 b2 k 2
(c) x 2 y 2 2ax 2by k 2 0
(d) x 2 y 2 2ax 2by a2 b2 k 2 0

Solution
Let (h, k) be the centre
h k h a k b k2
2

h2 k 2 h2 2ah a2 k 2 2bk b 2 k 2

2ah 2bk a2 b2 k 2 0

2
2
2
Locus is 2ax + 2by a b y 0

Hence, answer is (a).

Class Exercise - 3
Equation of the circle which passes
through the origin, has its centre on
the line x + y = 4 and cuts the circle
x2 + y2 4x + 2y + 4 = 0 orthogonally is

(a) x 2 y 2 2x 6y 0

(b) x 2 y 2 6x 3y 0

(c) x 2 y 2 4x 4y 0
(d) None of these

Solution
Let centre of the circle is (g, 4 g)
[its centre is on x + y = 4]
Equation of circle is x 2 y 2 2gx 2 4 g y 0
[ it passes through origin]
Since it cuts the given circle orthogonally,
2 g 2 2 (4 g) = 4 6g = 12 g = 2
Equation of the required circle is

x 2 y 2 4x 4y 0

Hence, answer is (c).

Class Exercise - 4
If O is the origin and OP, OQ are
distinct tangents to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx +2fy + c = 0, the
circumcentre of the triangle OPQ is
(a) (g, f)
(c) (f, g)

(b) (g, f)
(d) None of these

Solution
P

O
(0 ,0 )

( g , f)

PQ is chord of contact of (0, 0)

Equation of PQ is gx + fy + c = 0
Family of circles passing through PQ
and given circle is
x 2 y 2 2gx 2fy c gx fy c 0

Solution Cont.

It passes through (0, 0) 1

x 2 y 2 gx fy 0

g
f
Centre is ,
2 2

Hence, answer is (d).

Class Exercise - 5
Prove that the circle
x2 + y2 6x 4y + 9 = 0 bisects the
circumference of the circle
x2 + y2 8x 6y + 23 = 0.
Solution:
Equation of common chord of the given circle is
S1 S2 = 0

2x 2y 14 0

xy7 0

Solution Contd..
Centre of circle

x 2 y 2 8x 6y 23 0 is (4, 3)
which lies on x + y 7 = 0, first circle
bisects the circumference of the second
circle because common chord passes
through the end points of a diameter
of the second circle.

Class Exercise - 6
If OA and OB are two equal chords
of the circle x2 + y2 2x + 4y = 0
perpendicular to each other and
passing through the origin then find
the equation of OA and OB.
Solution:
1
Let chords be y = mx and y x. Since chords are
m

of equal lengths, perpendicular distance from

the centre to the chords will be same.

1 2m
1 m

2 m
1 m2

Solution Contd..
m 2 2m 1

m 2 2m 1 m 3,

1
3

Equations of OA and OB are x + 3y = 0 and 3x y = 0

Class Exercise - 7
The coordinate of two points P and Q
are (2, 3) and (3, 2) respectively.
If circles are described on OP and OQ
as diameters, O being the origin then
find the length of their common chord.
Solution:

ORP

P (2 ,3 )

O
(0 ,0 )

Q
(3 ,2 )

, ORQ
2
2

Therefore OR is perpendicular
to PQ. We have to find the length
of OR. From figure it is clear that
OR is length from origin to the
line PQ.

Solution Contd..
Equation of PQ is y 2 = 1 (x 3)

xy5 0
OR

5
2

Class Exercise - 8
Determine the equation of the circle
whose diameter is the chord x + y = 1
of the circle x2 + y2 = 4.
Solution:
Equation of family of circles passing
through the intersection of circle and
line is

x 2 y 2 4 x y 1 0

x 2 y 2 x y 4 0

...(i)

Solution Contd..

, lies on x + y 1 = 0
Its centre
2
2

1 0
2 2

Substituting value of in the equation (i), we get

x2 y2 x y 3 0

Class Exercise - 9
Consider a family of circles passing
through two fixed points A (3, 7)and
B (6, 5). Show that the chords in which
the circle x2 + y2 4x 6y 3 = 0
cuts the members of the family are
concurrent at a point. Find the coordinate
of this point.
Solution:
Family of circles is
57

x 3 0
(x 3) (x 6) + (y 7) (y 5) y 7
63

x 3 x 6 y 7 y 5 2x 3y 27 0

Solution Contd..
x 2 y 2 2 9 x 3 12 y 53 27 0

Common chord is
S1 S2 = 0

2 5 x 3 6 y 56 27 0
( 5x 6y 56) (2x 3y 27) 0

This chord is intersection of 5x 6y + 56 = 0

and 2x + 3y 27 = 0
23
Solving these equations we get 2, .
3

Class Exercise - 10
If two chords, drawn from the point
(p, q) on the circle x2 + y2 = px + qy
(where pr 0) are bisected by the x-axis,
then
(a) p2 = q2
(c) p2 < 8q2

(b) p2 = 8q2
(d) p2 > 8q2

Solution:
Let the chord is bisected at A (h, 0)
P is (p, q)
P
(p ,q )

A ( h ,o )

Solution Contd..
Q (2h p, q) lies on circle

2h p q p 2h p q q
2

4h2 p2 4ph q2 2ph p2 q2

4h2 6ph 2 p2 q2 0
This is quadratic in h and h is real and distinct

D0

36p2 32 p2 q2 0

4p2 32q2 0
p2 8q2

Thank you