ENG

132

THE SPEAKING
PROCESS

Stages of the Speaking Process:

Breathing stage
Phonation stage
Resonation stage
Articulation
stage

BREATHING
STAGE

Breathing, which is primarily

concerned with
maintaining life, is
secondarily a force
assisting in vocalization. It
consists of two phases --inhalation and exhalation.

LUNGS
Serve as the
reservoir of air
As you inhale,
fill the lungs
comfortably in
preparation for
speaking.

Diaphragm
A large sheet of
muscle separating
the chest cavity
from the abdomen
Forms the floor of
the chest and the
roof of the
abdomen
Gives pressure to
the breath stream

BREATHING EXERCISE:

1. Sit up straight. Exhale.

2. Inhale and, at the same time, relax the belly muscles.
Feel as though the belly is filling with air.
3. After filling the belly, keep inhaling. Fill up the middle of
your chest. Feel your chest and rib cage expand.
4. Hold the breath in for a moment, then begin to exhale as
slowly as possible.
5. As the air is slowly let out, relax your chest and rib cage.
Begin to pull your belly in to force out the remaining breath.
6. Close your eyes, and concentrate on your breathing.
7. Relax your face and mind.
8. Let everything go.
9. Practice about 5 minutes.

PHONATION
STAGE

Phonation takes place when

voice is produced in
speaking as the expiratory
air stream from the lungs
goes up through the trachea
or windpipe to the larynx.

Larynx
Principal organ
of phonation
Found at the top
of the trachea
Protuberance is
known as the
Adams apple

Vocal Cords
A pair of
bundles of
muscles and
cartilages
Open and close
at various
degrees

Trachea
Also known
as windpipe
Passageway
of air going
up from the
lungs

PHONATION EXERCISE
Think about blowing out birthday
candles.
Begin to blow and then turn the
breath into an "ooo" sound on a
comfortable pitch. Feel the tone
begin in the breathing muscles.
Repeat

RESONATION
STAGE

The voice produced in

phonation is weak. It becomes
strong and rich only when
amplified and modified by the
human resonators. Resonation
is the process of voice
amplification and modification.

Pharynx
Common passageway
for air and food
Located behind the
nose and mouth and
includes the cavity at
the back of the tongue
Divisions of the
pharynx:
Nasal pharynx
Oral pharynx
Laryngeal pharynx

Nose
Consists of the
external and internal
portions
Nostrils openings of
the external nose
Nasal cavity internal
nose; directly behind
the external nose
through which the air
passes on its way to
the pharynx
Septum divides the
external and internal

Mouth
Divided into the
vestibule and the
oral cavity proper
Vestibule felt by
placing the tongue
tip outside the teeth
but inside the lips
Oral cavity felt by
retracting the
tongue, closing the
jaws and moving the
tongue about

rESONATORS:

RESONATION EXERCISE: Pronounce

the letters according to its size.
(biggest letters mean loudest sounds)

e eo
o b i i mn
u m mb p
a

bp

l n

RESONATION EXERCISE: Read the

black syllables softest and the red
syllables loudest.
Pa pa pa pa pa pa
Ma ma ma ma ma ma
La la la la la la la la la
Ta ta ta ta ta ta
Ba ba ba ba ba ba
Fa fafafafafafafafa
Va va va va va va

pa pa pa
ma ma ma
ta ta ta
ba ba ba
va va va

ARTICULATION
STAGE

Articulation occurs when

the tone produced in the
larynx is changed into
specific sounds. This is the
result of the movement of
the articulators towards
the points of articulation.

Lips
Highly
flexible
Can be
moved into
numerous
positions
essential to

Teeth
Serve as
important
surfaces in
articulation
Embedded in
the alveolar
ridge or gum
ridges of the

Dome
Also known as
the hard palate
Bony roof of the
mouth
Serves as an
important
surface against
which the
tongue makes

Uvula
Small nub on
the lower
border of the
soft palate
Movable tip
at the midline
of the free
border of the

Velum
Also known as
the soft palate
Separates the
nasal pharynx
from the oral
cavity
A flexible curtain
attached along
the rear border

Tongue
Flexible organ
consisting of
muscles, glands
and connective
tissues
Parts of the
tongue:
Apex or tip
Blade
Front
Center
Back

articulators