Embedded

Systems Design

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Special-purpose computer system
designed to perform a dedicated
function.
Performs one or a few pre-defined
tasks, usually with very specific
requirements, and often includes
task-specific
hardware
and
mechanical parts not usually found

COMPONENTS OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
Analog Components
Sensors (LDR,LM35 etc.)
Digital Components
Processor,
Memories,
Controllers, Buses
Application Specific Integrated
Circuits
Converters
A2D, D2A,
Software
Application Programs
Exception Handlers

EMBEDDED DESIGNING
1. Core hardware
2.Firmware tools
3.Programming tools
4.Hardware tools

Core
8051
Microcontroller
hardware

PIC (Peripheral Interface Control )

Microcontroller
AVR Microcontroller
ARM (Advance risk machine )
Microcontroller
FPGA(Field Programmable Gate
Array)
CPLD(Complex Programmable
Logic Device)

DESIGNING
1.Core hardware
2.Firmware tools
3.Programming tools
4.Hardware tools

DESIGNING

Firmware tools
8051- KEIL Compiler & Assembler
PIC - Source Boost , micro c
AVR Code Vision Avr
ARM - KEIL advanced versions

DESIGNING

Programming tools

8051 Flash Magic , ECE Flash

PIC - Matrix pppv3 , pickit
AVR Pony Prog
ARM Flash Utility

Hardware tools
Hardware programmers
Application debuggers

IN OUR COURSE
1. Core hardware

2. Firmware tools

3. Programming tools

P89V51RD2,AT89C51.

KEIL microVISION3

ECE Flash, WLPRO

4. Simulation software
Proteus

EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS
AUTOMOBILES: Fuel Injection control (for fuel
efficiency), Air bags and Automatic braking (for safety),
and car entertainment systems.
MEDICAL ELECTRONICS: Many sophisticated
medical instruments (Body Scanners, Heart rate
monitors, Pacemaker etc) Industrial Control: such as
CNC machines are example embedded systems.
BUSINESS APPLICATIONS: Vending machines,
scanners, printers.
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS: Cameras, Toys, Cellular
Phones, Washing Machines
AVIONICS: Airplanes, Satellite Stations
Defense: RADARs, SONARs (for surveillance),
Guided Missile Systems

What is role of microprocessor

and microcontroller in embedded
system ?
Microprocessors or microcontrollers
are the main heart of any embedded
system.
They run the hardware according to
the program burnt into them.

Introduction
General-purpose microprocessor
CPU for Computers
No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
Example Intels x86, Motorolas 680x0

CPU
GeneralPurpose
Microprocessor

Data Bus

RAM

ROM

Address Bus

I/O
Port

Timer

Serial
COM
Port

o CPU

(Central Processing Unit)

Execute information stored in memory

o I/O

(Input/output) devicesProvide a means of communicating

with CPU

oMemory
RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary storage of programs that computer

is running. The data is lost when computer is
off.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Contains programs and information essential to
operation of the computer.
The information cannot be changed by user and is
not lost when power is off - It is called nonvolatile
memory

Buses
Carries information from place to place

The CPU is connected to memory and I/O

through strips of wire called a bus
Address bus
Data bus
Control bus

Registers
The CPU uses registers to store information
temporarily.

ALU (arithmetic/logic unit)

Performs arithmetic functions such as add, subtract,
multiply, and divide, and logic functions such as AND,
OR, and NOT

Program counter
Points to the address of the next instruction to be
executed

Instruction decoder
Interprets the instruction fetched into the CPU

Introduction to Microcontroller

Microcontroller
A smaller computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
Example Motorolas 6811, Intels 8051,
Zilogs Z8 and PIC 16X
CPU

RAM ROM

I/O
Port

Serial
Timer COM
Port

Microcontroller

A single chip

Microprocessor vs. Microcontrolle

Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone, RAM,
ROM, I/O, timer are separate
Design can decide on the
amount of ROM, RAM and I/O
ports.
Expensive
Versatility
Multipurpose
Concerned with rapid
movement of the code & data
from the external addresses to
the chip.

Microcontroller
CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
timer are all on a single chip
Fixed amount of on-chip
ROM, RAM, I/O ports
For applications in which
cost, power and space are
critical
Specific purpose
Concerned with the rapid
movement of the bits within
the chip.

Criteria to choose a microcontroller

Speed
Packaging
Power consumption
The amount of RAM and ROM on chip
The number of I/O pins and the timer on Chip
Cost per unit
Availability of software development tools,
such as compilers, assemblers, and debuggers