LAXMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT: AUTOMOBILE CHASSIS AND BODY CONSTUCTION

TOPIC: VEHICAL CHASSIS
NAME

EN.NO

ROLL NO.

NISCHAL AHIR

(130860102002)

(1)

SOFIA ALI

(130860102005)

(2)

DEVENDRA BARIA

(130860102006)

(3)

HARDIK BHANUSHALI

(130860102010)

(4)

INTRODUCTION

Achassisconsists of an internalvehicle framethat supports a

manmade object in its construction and use.

An example of a chassis is the underpart of amotor vehicle,

consisting of the frame (on which the body is mounted).

If therunning gearsuch as wheels and transmission, and sometimes

even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as
arolling chassis.

TYPES OF CHASSIS FRAME

(1) BACKBONE

A backbone chassis is a type of automobile construction chassis that is

similar to the body-on-frame design. Instead of a two-dimensional
ladder type structure, it consists of a strong tubular backbone (usually
rectangular in cross section) that connects the front and rear
suspension attachment areas. A body is then placed on this structure.

(2) LADDER

The ladder frame is one of the simplest and oldest of all designs. It consists of
two symmetrical beams, rails, or channels running the length of the vehicle,
and several transverse cross-members connecting them. Originally seen on
almost all vehicles, the ladder frame was gradually phased out on cars in
favour of perimeter frames and unitized body construction. It is now seen
mainly on trucks. This design offers good beam resistance because of its
continuous rails from front to rear, but poor resistance to torsion or warping
if simple, perpendicular cross-members are used. Also, the vehicle's overall
height will be greater due to thefloor pan sitting above the frame instead of
inside it.

(3) SPACEFRAME
In a (tubular) space frame chassis, the suspension, engine, and body
panels are attached to a three-dimensional skeletal frame of tubes, and
the body panels have little or no structural function. In order to
maximise rigidity and minimise weight, the design makes maximum use
of triangles, and all the forces in each strut are either tensile or
compressive, never bending, so they can be kept as thin as possible.

(4) MONOCOQUE

Monocoque is a structural approach whereby loads are supported

through an object's external skin, similar to an egg shell. The
technique may also be calledstructural skin. The wordmonocoqueis
aFrenchterm for "single shell" or "single hull.

CHASSIS FRAME SECTIONS

During movement of a vehicle over normal road surfaces, the chassis frame, is
subjected to both bending and torsional distortion.

Under such running conditions, the various chassis-member cross-section

shapes, which find application, include.
(1) Solid round or rectangular cross-sections,
(2) Enclosed thin-wall hollow round or rectangular box-sections,
(3) Open thin-wall rectangular channelling such as C, T, or top-hat sections.
Side-member Bending Resistance.
The chassis side-members, which span the wheelbase between the front and
rear axles must be able to take the maximum of the sprung weight. The sprung
weight is the weight of the part of the vehicle supported by the suspension
system. The binding stiffness of these members must resist their natural
tendency to sag. The use of either pressed-out open-channel sections or
enclosed thin-wall hollow round or rectangular box-sections can provide the
maximum possible bending stiffness of chassis members relative to their weight .

Square bar
Round bar

1.0
0.9
5
Round hollow 4.3
tube
Rectangular 6.5
C-channel
Square hollow 7.2
section
Longitudinal
split

= 1.0

tube
Enclosed hollow
= 62.0
tube
Open rectangular C- = 1.0
channel
Closed rectangular =
box-section
105.0

Chassis-member sections
A. Square solid bar.
B. Round solid bar.
C. Circular tube with longitudinal slit.
D. Circular closed tube.
E. C-section.
F. Rectangular box section.
G. Top-hat-section.
H. I-section.
I. Channel flitch plate.

CHASSIS FRAME COMPONENTS

VEHICLE COMPONENTS LOCATION AND

ATTACHMENT

The automobile has the following essential components and it is important to have
knowledge of their mountings and locations.

(a) engine

(b)gear box

(c) clutch

(d) propeller shaft and universal joints

(e) drive shafts

(f) final drive

(g) steering

h) brakes.

Location and Mounting with Front-mounted Engine and Rear-wheel Drive

In this layout of the vehicle, the engine, clutch and gearbox are bolted
together in series. The complete assembly is then supported between
both the front-wheel suspensions by a three point mounting system.
The gear box is connected to the final drive by the propeller shaft and
universal joint.

Location and Mounting with Front-mounted Engine and Front-wheel

Drive.

This kind of layouts has the engine, clutch, gearbox, and final drive
built together to form a single integral assembly. In the transverse
engine arrangement (Fig. 21.18A), the engine, clutch, and gearbox are
bolted together in series. The final drive forms part of the clutch bell
housing and gearbox casing. The drive shafts and their respective
universal joints are placed on each side of the final-drive housing, to
transfer the propelling power to each front drive stub-axle and roadwheel.

Location and Mounting with Rear-mounted Engine and Rear-wheel

Drive.

In this case also the power and transmission assembly is supported on

the three-point mounting. In one layout of this type of location and
mounting, a horizontally opposed four-cylinder engine is connected in
series with the clutch, final drive, and gearbox. At the final drive
housing the power is split and transferred by the drive shaft and coupling
joints to the rear road-wheels.

THANK YOU