The First

Philippine
Republic
-Group 6

Background
of the
Malolos
Constitution

 Over 300 years of Spanish rule, the country

developed from a small overseas colony
governed from theViceroyalty of New Spainto a
land with modern elements in the cities.
It is also the Political Constitution of 1899
Aguinaldo took control of the newly re-formed
Philippine revolutionary forces and quickly
surroundedManilaon land while the American
blockaded the city from the bay.

 On June 12, Aguinaldo issued thePhilippine

Declaration of Independenceand followed that
with several decrees forming the First Philippine
Republic.Elections were held from June 23 to
September 10, 1898for a new national
legislature, theMalolos Congress.
TheMalolos Congresscreated the committee on
17 September 1898, based on the Revolutionary
Government Congress at Barasoain, Malolos.

Members of the Congress

President
Vice President
First Secretary
Second Secretary

Pedro A. Paterno
Benito Legarda
Gregorio Araneta
Pablo Ocampo

 The members of the congress wants to have a

modern constitution.
Apolinario Mabini prepared the draft of the
constitution
Calderon and Cayetano also prepared their
version of the constitution.
Emilio Aguinaldo received the final version of the
constitution from Mabini on Jan 21,1899.
(the final draft of the constitution is called Constitutional Plan of the

Malolos
Constitution
Cabinet
members

Council of Government
President

Emilio Aguinaldo

1899 -1901

Prime Minister

Apolinario Mabini

Jan.21- May 7, 1899

Pedro Paterno

May 7- Nov.13, 1899

Mariano Trias

Jan.21-May 7, 1899

Hugo Illagan

May 7- Nov.13, 1899

Baldomero Villarin

Jan.21-May 7, 1899

Mariano Trias

May 7- Nov.13, 1899

Minister of Welfare

Gracio Gonzaga

Jan.21-May 7, 1899

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Apolinario Mabini

Jan.21-May 7, 1899

Felipe Buencamino

May 7- Nov.13, 1899

Leon Maria Guerrero

May 7- Nov.13, 1899

Minister of Finance

Minister of War

Minister of Agriculture,
Commerce and Industry

 The constitution divided into three branches: executive,

legislative and judicial.
The legislative is powerful than executive and judicial branch.
When the Assembly is not in presence, there will be a
permanent session or permanent commission would sit as a
legislative body.
The Constitution established a one legislative chamber,
unicameral, legislature.
It was the first important document that the Filipino people
had ever produced.

Inauguration of the First

Philippine Republic

 On the sunny morning of January 23, 1899, the First

Philippine Republic, popularly known as the Malolos
Republic, was inaugurated amidst colorful ceremonies at
the Barasoain Church.
The Congress was not much more than a decoration. That
is to show to the foreign correspondents that we Filipinos
are civilized.
The inauguration ceremonies were typical of the elite.
Aguinaldo took his oath of office as President of the
Philippine Republic wearing formal attire "with top hat,
white gloves, and bow tie" and carrying a "tasseled goldknobbed cane."

 The Malolos Constitution was read article by

article, and the army took its oath of loyalty
before the President. A review of troops and
procession followed.
Aguinaldo issued a decree granting pardon to all
Spanish prisoners of war who were not members
of the Spanish regular army and at the same
time, granting to Spaniards and other aliens the
right to engage in business within the limits of
the Republic.

Periodicals
of the
Revolution

 The propaganda media has been used to make the

feelings and ideas of the people known to the world.
The Revolutionary Government founded its official
organ, El Heraldo de la Revolucion (Sept. 29,1898)
Heraldo Filipino
Indie Official
Gaceta de Filipinas

La independencia (Sept. 3,1898) Gen. Antonio Luna is

the editor and partly owner of the newspaper.
Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jose Palma, Rafael
Palma, Epifanio de los Santos, Jose Abreu, Mariano V. del
Rosario, Salvador del Rosario, Rosa Sevila and Florentina
Arellano was the great Filipino writers of this newspaper.

Other Nationalistic Newspapers

Republica Filipina
(Mandaluyong)
La Libertad
(Manila)
Ang kaibigan nang bayan (Malolos)
Columnas Volantes
(Lipa, Batangas)
La Federacion
(Cabatuan, Iloilo)
La Opurtunidad
(Tagbiliran, Bohol)
And many others.

Treaty
of
Paris

 Aguinaldo sent out diplomatic agents to abroad.

Filipino Diplomats
Felipe Agoncillo
United States
Mariano Ponce &
Japan
Faustino Lichauco
Antonio Ma. Regidor
Juan Luna
Pedro Roxas
Eriberto Zarcal

England
France
Australia

 The assignment of Agoncillo was the most important, he

was accompanied by Sixto Lopez to the United States
but failed to seek official audience with Pres. McKinley.
December 10, 1898 - The Spanish and American peace
Commissioners signed the Treaty of Paris.

 Agoncillo returned to Washington, D.C. to prevent the

ratification of treaty.
He submitted a memorandum to the Senate entitled,
Memorial to the Senate, it is about the reasons why
Spain has no right to transfer the Philippines to the
America.
The treaty had already been signed but will never
become a law if does not approved by the Senate of the
United States.
Many Americans are against and they established AntiImperialist League.

The major agreements of the Spain and America

The America will pay 20,000,000 US Dollar to the Spain
to buy the Philippines.
The Spaniards must ship commodities to the Philippines
for a period of ten years.
Gave up all rights to Cuba .
To surrender the Puerto Rico and gave up its
possessions in the West Indies.
To surrender the island of Guam to the United States.

Philippine
American War

 It was an armed conflict between Filipino

revolutionaries and the government of the United
States which arose from the struggle of the First
Philippine Republic to gain independence following the
Philippines being acquired by the United States from
Spain.

1899
February 4 - General hostilities erupt between U.S.
inside Manila and Filipino forces surrounding the city.
February 4 - Emilio Aguinaldo proclaims war on U.S.
forces.
March 31 - American forces capture Malolos, capital of
the Philippine Republic on Luzon, driving out Aguinaldo
and his
government.

 February 5 -

Battle of Manila

April 9 to 10 -

Battle of Santa Cruz

April 11 - Battle of Pagsanjan

April 12 - Battle of Paete
April 23 - Battle of Quingua
June 13 - Battle of Zapote Bridge
November 11 - Battle of San Jacinto
December 2 - Battle of Tirad Pass
December 19 Battle of Paye (also known as the Battle of
Montalban and the Battle of San Mateo)
June 4 -

Battle of Makahambus Hill

September 13 -

Battle of Pulang Lupa

September 17 -

Battle of Mabitac

 June 2 - the Malolos Congress of the First

Philippine Republic enacted and ratified a
Declaration of War on the United States, which
was publicly proclaimed on that same day by
Pedro Paterno, President of the Assembly.
June 5 - Filipino General Antonio Luna
assassinated by Aguinaldo's men.
November 13 - Emilio Aguinaldo decrees that
guerrilla warfare would henceforth be the
strategy.

1900

April 15 - Siege of Catubig - Filipino guerrillas launch a

surprise attack against a detachment of American
soldiers, and, after a four-day siege, force them to
evacuate the town of Catubig on Samar.
May - General Arthur MacArthur, Jr came into the position
as military governor and William Howard Taft arrived as
civilian Governor-General of the Philippines (until 1904)
June - Gen. MacArthur proclaims a 90-day amnesty and
offers 30 pesos per rifle. The amnesty pledges "complete
immunity for the past and liberty for the future."

The Capture
of Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo

 In March 23, 1901, General Emilio Aguinaldowas

captured by the American forces led by General
Frederick Funston with the help of Macabebe
Scouts, in Palanan, Isabela.
6 guerillas led by Cecilio Segismundo,
Aguinaldo's trusted messenger, surrendered to
the Americans
Segismundo revealed that Aguinaldo had no
more than fifty guards in the village and
pinpointed Aguinaldo's headquarters in the
mountainous Isabela province.

 With this information in hand, Gen. Funston and his

staff began to formulate a plan for Aguinaldo's
capture.
Funston and four other American officers, disguised
as prisoners of war, accompanied the column.
In March 23, 1901, Funston reached Palanan.
Aguinaldo's fifty life-guards, presented arms as
Placido entered the insurgent headquarters.

 Placido entertained Aguinaldo with stories about

the march across country, etc., made obediently
to the President's order, keeping a weather eye
out of the window all the time.
When the Macabebes had formed facing
Aguinaldos life-guards, Placido went to the
window and ordered them to open fire.
Placido grabbed Aguinaldo, threw him down, and
sat on him, until General Funston came. (March
23, 1901)

 Aguinaldo was presented to Gen. Arthur C. MacArthur,

Jr. as a prisoner of war but was most graciously treated
by the General as distinguished soldier's"guest"at the
Malacaang palace until April 20th.
Aguinaldo took the oath of allegiance to the American
Government and on April 1, 1901 issued a
proclamation recommending abandonment of further
resistance.
The capture of Emilio Aguinaldo is also the fall of the
Malolos Constitution.

The end