PREFERENCE, AND ANTHROPOMETRIC

MEASUREMENTS OF PRESCHOOLERS(5-6 YRS OLD ) OF

DIPLAHAN ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY: A
DESCRIPTIVE-COMPARATIVE STUDY
BETWEEN NUTRITION INTERVENTION
BASED ON PIAGETS THEORY AND
TRADITIONAL HEALTH TEACHING
INTERVENTION

Presented by:
CRYSTAL JOY M. BOLODO

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

In the Philippines ,22 % of under-fives (2006-2010*)

suffering from: underweight (WHO), 7%, moderate

& severe and 32% of under-fives moderate & severe
(2006-2010*) suffering from: stunting (WHO)
According to Dr. Mario V. Capanzana,A third of

children in 12 regions in the Visayas and Mindanao

suffer from stunting, Infants aged 6-11 months were
observed to suffer from wasting. Children of three
years were the most affected by stunting while
children aged 4-5 years were most prone to low
weight.

As of 2010 according to the National Nutrition Council (NNC)

IX, Zamboanga Sibugay had a prevalence rate of 8.97% .

Diplahan ranked 7 at Zamboanga Sibugay with a prevalence
rate of 9.46%.
As of 2012, BgySongcuya, Diplahan has 20 out of 123
(16%)weighed 0-71 months old are underweight and6 out of
123(4%) are severely underweight for children ages 0-71
months old
Malnutrition in the Philippines is caused by a host of

interrelated factors health, physical, social, economic and

others. Food supply and how it is distributed and consumed by
the populace have consequent impact on nutritional status.
(FAO 2010)

The National Nutrition Council revealed that children below 5 years

old are eating an average of only 23 grams of vegetables per day, 50

percent less of the recommended intake that their growing bodies
need.
Factors food preferences in young children include familiarity, age,

parents, peers, teachers and programs designed to influence food habits

(Alice-White 2006)
Preschool can be taught if proper methods based on their age are being

used . We can guide the children to their food choices and increase
there knowldge if we understand them through using theories.

Statement of the problem

What are the outcomes of Piaget's Nutrition Intervention

and Traditional Health Teaching Intervention according to

(a) Nutrition Knowledge, (b) Food Preference, and (c)
Anthropometric measurements of Preschoolers in
Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay

Objectives
General:
determine the outcomes of Piaget's Nutrition
Intervention and Traditional Health Teaching
Intervention according to (a) Nutrition
Knowledge, (b) Food Preference, and (c)
Anthropometric measurements of Preschoolers
in Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay

Specific:
1. To determine the Knowledge and food choice of

preschool students before the intervention

2. To determine the Knowledge and food choice of

preschool students after the intervention

3. To Compare the Knowledge and food choices of

preschool before and after intervention

4. To Compare the anthropometric measurement of
preschool before and after the intervention

Hypotheses
Alternative

H1: what are the demographic profile of the

preschoolers who
received the nutrition
intervention based from Piaget's theory
H2: What are the demographic profile according to
of the
preschoolers who received the
conventional intervention
H3a: Nutrition Intervention has a positive influence
on the Nutrition Knowledge of the preschoolers

H3b: Nutrition Intervention has a positive influence

on the Food Preference of the preschoolers
H3c: Nutrition Intervention has a positive influence
on the anthropometric measurements of the
preschoolers

Null
Ho3a: Nutrition Intervention has no positive influence
on
the Nutrition Knowledge of the
preschoolers
Ho3b: Nutrition Intervention has no positive influence
on
the Food Preference of the
preschoolers
Ho3c: Nutrition Intervention has no positive influence
on
the anthropometric measurements of the
preschoolers

Conceptual frame work

Significance of the Study

The study aims to determine the outcomes of
Piaget's Nutrition Intervention and Traditional Health
Teaching Intervention according to (a) Nutrition
Knowledge, (b) Food Preference, and (c)
Anthropometric measurements of Preschoolers in
Diplahan, Zamboanga Sibugay
If nutritional intervention is proven to be
effective, this method will be used as a strategy in
implementing nutrition educational intervention
programs for preschool children.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will be conducted to preschool children enrolled
at, Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay. It may or may not be true for
the general population of pre school.
The measurement of the knowledge and food choices will be
limited to the content of the modules and will be evaluated using
questionnaire

Definition of terms
Traditional health education: a lecture without

interactivity like games , role, playing, film showing

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Piaget created a broad theoretical system for the

development of cognitive abilities. Piagets four

stages are : sensorimotor (birth to 2 years old ) ,
preoperational thought (2-7years old) , concrete
operation (7-11 years old) ,formal operations (11
through the end of adolescence) (Saddock, 2007)
Schema (or scheme) The representation in the

mind of a set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions,

which go together. Assimilation The process by
which a person takes material into their mind from
Accommodation
The difference made to one's
mind or concepts by the process of assimilation..
( Atherton J S (2011)

Another study by Shariff et al., (2008) aims to

determine the changes in knowledge, attitude and

practices of primary school children after receiving a
nutrition education intervention for 6 weeks. He
assess the knowledge, attitude and practice at preand post-intervention by using a validated
questionnaire. The intervention group had nutrition
education taught by trained school teachers while the
comparison group received the standard Health and
Physical Education curriculum. The findings support
the importance of providing children with nutrition
knowledge to promote healthy dietary behaviors

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

In cross sectional study ,carried out at Kisumu municipality.

children would not select healthy foods unless closely guided by

their parents and teachers ( yieko and Anyango, 2011)
In another study of a pre- and post experimental design study

that aims to develop nutrition education for preschool children

based on Piaget's theory and to examine the effects of this
education on children's nutritional knowledge, nutritional
behaviors, and anthropometric measurements. The researcher
used , a demographic form, My Pyramid For Kid prepared by
USDA, the food frequency form to evaluate the respondents. The
intervention was done once a week for 6 weeks by the researcher.
Findings show that there was an increase in knowledge and had a
positive change on groups preference.( Baskale et al., 2011)

Research Design
This design is a quasi-experiment study. Two
interventions were compared (nutrition
intervention based on Piagets theory and
traditional health teaching) to assess its
outcomes on (a) nutrition knowledge (b) food
preferences (c) anthropometric measure of
preschoolers ages 5-6 years old

Subject/ Respondents
The respondents of the study are the
preschool students enrolled at Diplahan
Zamboanga Sibugay Province. These were
fulfilled under the categories below:

Inclusion criteria
Preschool students ages 5-6 years old
Resident of Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay
Drop-out Criteria
Failure to attend the Nutritional Intervention
Failure to take the pre- and post test
evaluation
Transfer to another location

Sampling Design
The Study utilized convenience Sampling for
selection of students . Survey and weighing of
children ages 5 years old will be done at
Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay .

Research Setting
The study will be conducted at Diplahan Zamboanga Sibugay.
Research Instrument
A. Questionnaire

It includes the demographic profile, food frequency,

B. Lecture Module
It will be based to the study made by Baskale(2011) .Module
is based on Piagets theory

Intervention
c. Lecture
A 6 week lesson module on nutrition will be
adopted from the study of Baskale et al.(2011).
It includes the food pyramid, food groups.

Data gathering Procedure

Pre-Interventional Phase
Pre-school children aged 5 years old are
weighed. A pre-intervention questionnaire will
be given . A demographic profile questionnaire
is also given to mothers. This questionnaire will
determine the existing knowledge and food
choices of children.

Intervention Proper
Nutrition intervention will be carried out once
a week for 6 weeks at the Day Care center . The
length of each session will be 20-30 minutes for
the experimental group
Traditional health teaching will also be
carried out once in 6 weeks at the Day care
center . The length of session will be 20-30
minutes for the control group

Post-Interventional Phase
A similar questionnaire utilized before the
intervention will be given to the respondents to
assess the knowledge and food choices of
preschool children after the intervention and 2
months after

Adopted from

the study of
Baskale(2011)