SUBMITTED BY :

AKSHTA KAUSHAL

INDIAN ECONOMY IS FACING SEVERAL CHALLENGES

RELATING TO ITS PROCESS OF GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
FAST INCREASING OF POPULATION, POVERTY AND
UNEMPLOYMENT ARE IMPORTANT ONES.
THESE CHALLENGES ARE INTER-RELATED.
EXCESSIVE POPULATION & RAPID RATE OF ITS GROWTH
ARE NOT MATCHED BY THE RATE OF INCREASE IN
PRODUCTION. CONSEQUENTLY UNEMPLOYMENT IS ALSO
RISING.

RISING UNEMPLOYMENT IMPLIES INCREASING

POVERTY.

EXCESSIVE POPULATION IS CAUSED OF CONCERN.

INDIA RANKS NEXT TO CHINA IN THE WORLD IN
REGARD TO SIZE OF POPULATION, BUT IN RESPECT
OF AREA ITS RANK IS 7TH .
16.7 % OF WORLDS POPULATION IS ONLY IN INDIA.
GROWTH RATE OF INDIAS POPULATION IS VERY
HIGH. MEAN GROWTH IS 1.80 CRORE EVERY YEAR.
Kingsley Davis Said : Indias population upto 300 BC
remained constant at around 12 Crore. The reason being that
both berth rate and death rate were very high but were almost
equal.

1.
2.

HIGH BIRTH RATE

LOW DEATH RATE

BIRTH RATE AND DEATH RATE IN INDIA ARE

HIGH COMPARED TO MOST COUNTRIES IN THE
WORLD.
BIRTH RATE REFERS TO NUMBER OF
CHILDREN BORN PER THOUSAND PERSONS IN
A YEAR.
DEATH RATE REFERS TO NUMBER OF PERSONS
DIE PER THOUSAND PERSONS IN A YEAR.

NATURAL FACTORS.
FACTORS
PREDOMINANCE OF VILLAGES..
INITIAL INCREASE IN PER CAPTIA INCOME..
INCOME
UNIVERSALITY OF MARRIAGE.
MARRIAGE
CHILD MARRIAGE.
MARRIAGE
EFFECTS OF RELIGION..
RELIGION
SOCIAL VIEWS..
VIEWS
ILLITERACY.
JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM
LOW STATUS OF WOMAN.

SATWARA

URBANISATION OF POPULATION.
MORE MEDICAL FACILITIES.
FACILITIES OF MATERNITY HOMES.
CONTROL OVER FAMINES
SPREAD OF FAMILY EDUCATION.
BALANCED DIET.
DECLINE IN EPIDEMICS.

FACILITATES BETTER EXPLOITATION OF

NATURAL RESOURCES.
LARGER SIZE OF THE MARKET.
DIVISION OF LABOUR.
FACILITATES BETTER DEFENCE OF THE
NATION.

REDUCES THE RATE OF CAPITAL FORMATION .

REDUCES PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY OF
CAPITAL..
POPULATION AND FOOD PROBLEM
UNEMPLOYMENT.
ADVERSELY AFFECTS PER CAPITA INCOME.
LOW STANDARD OF LIVING..
MORE PRESSURE ON AGRICULTURAL LAND.

POVERTY IMPLIES INABILITY TO GET

MINIMUM CONSUMPTION
REQUIREMENTS FOR ;
: LIFE
: HEALTH
: EFFICIENCY.

RELEATIVE POVERTY REFERS TO PROVERTY

TO ONE SET OF PEOPLE IN RELATION TO
THE OTHER.

POVERTY LINE IS THAT LINE WHICH EXPRESSES

PER CAPITA AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE
BY WHICH PEOPLE CAN SATISFY THEIR MINIMUM
NEEDS. PEOPLE BELOW THIS LINE ARE REGARDED
AS POOR.

RURAL 45.6
URBAN 42
TOTAL 45.8

39
40
39.3

41
35
36

27.09
23.62
26.1

LOW LEVEL OF NATIONAL PRODUCT.

LOW RATE OF GROWTH.
HEAVY PRESSURE OF POPULATION
INFLATIONARY PRESSURES..
CHRONIC UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT.
CAPITAL DEFICIENCY.
OUTDATED SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL.
INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS
OF MASS CONSUMPTION.
STABILITY IN PRICE LEVEL.
ERADICATION OF DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT
AND INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT..
CHANGES IN TECHNIQUE OF PRODUCTION.
SPECIAL FOCUS ON BACKWARD REGIONS.
PROVISION FOR MINIMUM NEEDS OF POOR.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT.

THIS IS A SITUATION IN WHICH A PERSON IS

ABLE TO WORK AND WILLING TO WORK AT
THE PREVAILING RATE OF WAGES BUT IS NOT

GETTING WORK.
UNEMPLOYMENT IS A CURSE
IT IS A SIGN OF POVERTY TO A PERSON.
DEGRADATION TO SOCIETY & LOSS OF
HUMAN RESOURCE FOR THE NATION

RURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
DISGUISHED UNEMPLOYMENT
SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT
INDUSTRIAL UNEMPLOYMENT
EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT
YOUTH

UNEMPLOYMENT

SLOW ECONOMIC GROWTH

RAPID GROWTH OF POPULATION.
AGRICULTURE-A-SEASIONAL OCCUPATION.
LACK OF IRRIGATION FACILITIES.
JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM.
DECLINE OF COTTAGE & SMALL INDUSTRIES.
LESS SAVINGS & INVESTMENT.

INCREASE IN PRODUCTION.
INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY.
HIGH RATE OF CAPITAL FORMATION.
MORE HELP TO SELF EMPLOYED PERSONS..
CHANGE IN EDUCATIONAL PATTERNS.
CHANGE IN INDUSTRIAL TECHNIQUE.
MORE IMPORTANCE TO
EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES I N PLANS.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

THE MATTER AND DATA HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM

THE BOOK INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

DATA COMPILED

AND EDITTED BY
: NEERAJ KANWAR
: ANITA KALWAR
: & OTHER MEMBERS.

SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR RESPECTED TEACHER

WHO GIVEN US GUIDANCE THOROUGHLY.

THANKS