Anatomy of Individual Decision Maker

Thought
Pure Reason

Rational
Reasoning intellectual
Process/ what can I
know
Truth
Result of
reasoning

Knowledge

Human

Being
Material Person
or What can I
hope
Aesthetic
Vital Common
Sense

Happiness

Action
Practical Reason

Volitional
Freedom , Will or What I
ought to do

Good
Object of desire,
good evil purpose

Achievemen
t

Society
Collective Reasoning

Public Opinion

Public Knowledge

People

Aesthetics

Collective Happiness

Anatomy of Social Group Decision Making

Collective Will

Common Good

Aggregate Achievement

Stages of cognitive development

Stage

PreConventional

Person

Follow rules to avoid

punishment
Act in own interest
Obey for the sake of
obedience itself

Conventional

Follow the law

Full fill social
obligations
Be a good citizen

Post
Conventional

Have knowledge of the

fundamental moral
principles
Balance between
individuals and groups
Acknowledge diversity
and encourage plurality
Tolerate dissent

Leadership

Autocratic
Coercive
Reward

Guiding
Encouraging & Team

Transformational
Servant - Leadership

Employee

Employee
Task
Meet Target

Work Group
Collaboration

Empowerment

Normative And Descriptive Decision Making

Theories
theory
is
Normativeorprescriptivedecision
concerned with identifying the best decision to make
(in practice, there are situations in which "best" is
not necessarily the maximal, optimum may also
include values in addition to maximum, but within a
specific or approximate range), assuming an ideal
decision maker who is fully informed, able to
compute with perfect accuracy, and fullyrational.
In contrast,positiveordescriptivedecision theory is
concerned with describing observed behaviors under
the assumption that the decision-making agents are
behaving under some consistent rules.

Normative and Descriptive Models Of Decision

Making
Individual Decision

Group Decision

Normative Theory

Classical
Economics
Statistical
Moral

Game
Welfare Economics
Political

Descriptive theory

Experimental
Learning
Surveys of Voting
Behaviour

Social
Psychological
Political Science

Case

Standard

Application

Public
Distribution Utility
system
Essential
Food
Items
distributed
to
the
public through fair
price shops

Greatest possible
benefit to the
greatest number of
poor

Employment

Right/ Duty

Employer Employee
Relationships are
defined through well
defined duties

Monopoly

Means and Ends

Refrain from anti trust

violations

Wages

Justice

Payment of just
wages

Acquisition of land
from farmers , which
is the only source of
livelihood for them

Conscience

CSR to innovate and

help the poor farmers

Chief Executive

Prudence

Act Responsibility

Hunt Vittel Model of Decision Making