Professional Documents
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Analysis
Lesson 1
INTRODUCTION
LESSON SUMMARY
Introduction to the course and subject
Role of power system in society
Components of a power system
Operation and Control
Organizational structure
POWER SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
The goal of the course is to provide an
WHAT IS POWER
SYSTEM?
A system that deals with the business of :
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
of electrical energy
Largest and most complex man made system
society
Electrical power is somewhat like the air we
breathe : we think about it only when it is
missing
It should be operated with the goal of
achieving:
highest reliability standards
Lowest operation cost
Minimum environmental impacts
POWER SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
Source of
Fuel
Energy
Conversio
n
Transmission
and
Distribution
Energy
Conversio
n
(Utilization
)
POWER
GENERATION
POWER GENERATION
Takes place in power plants which may be
geographically dispersed
A plant may house more than one generating
units
Types of generating units
ENERGY SOURCES
Hydrocarbons(oil ,coal, natural gas, etc)
Water
Nuclear
Solar
Chemical
Wind
Tidal
MW(2012)
Electricity Sources
fossil fuel 13,637 MW 65% of total
hydro 6,654 MW 31% of total
nuclear 812 MW 4% of total
There are four major power producers in
Thermal Power
Plant
Energy Conversion
Conversion process in a thermal power plant:
Chemical energy
Burners
Thermal
Energy
Thermal Energy
Boilers
Mechanical
Energy
Mechanical Energy
Turbines
Kinetic
Energy
Kinetic Energy
Rotating Machines
Electrical Energy
Overall conversion efficiency of a thermal power
POWER
TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION
NETWORKS
Connect generating plants to consumption
transfer
Lower capital and operating costs/MW transfer
Circuit breaker
isolator
Protective
relays
POWER
DISTRIBUTION
levels
Supplies energy to customers
At MV/LV levels
Single phase and/or three phase
Representation of Distribution
System
Residential
Consumers
Transmission
Network
Large Industrial
Consumers
Sub
Station
Industrial
Consumers
33/11
DXFR
33
KV
Commerci
al and
Large
Consumer
s
11/.4
DXFR
11 KV
400
V
230 V
Power System
Operation and
Control
PS Operation/Control
Types of Operation/Control
Centralized (based on system-wide data)
Dispatchers / Operators
CENTRALIZED CNTROLS
Examples of centralized controls:
Frequency control
Generation Dispatch(control of generating
units)
Unit Commitment( units ON/OFF status)
DECENTRALIZED
CONTROLS
Examples of decentralized controls:
Equipment protection against over voltage
POWER SYSTEM
ORGANIZATION
POWER UTILITY
STRUCTURE
Traditional
Restructured (Deregulated)
Traditional utilities:
Operate as Monopolies (have captive
customers)
Government Regulated
Have to get regulations approval for rate
increases
Vertically integrated(VI)
Transportati
on
Distribution
DEREGULATED PS
STRUCTURE
Has been legislated by governments, hoping
that it results in :
Increased Competition
New technology utilization in Generation,
Transmission and Distribution
Increased outside investment in PS
infrastructure
Power Industry
Deregulation
Has necessitated break-up of traditional utility