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Because the fluid changes direction, a force will act in the bend.
If the bend is not fixed it will move and eventually break at the joints.
We need to know how much force a support (thrust block) must
withstand.
A= D2 / 4
P2 = P1 + d (V12 - V22) / 2
F = (Fx2 + Fy2)1/2
THEORTICAL BASIC
Momentum Analysis of Flow Systems
Objectives
Identify the various kinds of forces and
moments acting on a control volume.
Use control volume analysis to determine
the forces associated with fluid flow.
Use control volume analysis to determine
the moments caused by fluid flow and the
torque transmitted.
Newtons Laws
F ma
Manipulation into momentum
dV
F ma m
dt
MOMENTUM
IMPULS
Resultant of vektor
MOMENTUM BALANCE
FOR FLUID FLOW
Vin
SISTEM
Vout
Manipulation
d (mV ) sys
dt
Component-x
d (mVx ) sys
dt
Vx in m in Vx out m out Fx
Identify forces
External
pressure
Gravity
PEOCEDURE OF CALCULATION
Draw a control volume
Decide on co-ordinate axis system
Calculate the total force
Calculate the pressure force
Calculate the body force
Calculate the resultant force
In the x-direction:
In the y-direction:
total force
Flanges
Fbolt=?
Pin=100 lbf/in2
Ain=10 in2
d (mVx ) sys
dt
SYSTEM
nozzle
Aout=1 in2
Vout=100 ft/s
Pout=Patmosfir
Vx in m in Vx out m out Fx
water 62.3
SYSTEM
nozzle
Aout=1 in2
Pin=100 psig
Ain=10 in2
A
1
ft
Vin out Vxout Vxin 10
Ain
10
s
0 Vx in m in Vx out m out Fx
Fx m&(Vxin Vxout ) ( Pin Patmosfir ) Ain
lbm
ft 3
Vout=100 ft/s
Pout=Patm=0psig
m in m out AoutVx out
m& 1in 2
ft 2
ft
lbm
lbm
100
62.5
43.3
144in 2
s
ft 3
s
lb f s 2
lb
lbm
ft
ft
Fx unknown 43.3
(10 100 )
(100 m2 10in 2 0) 121lb f 1000lb f 879lb f
s
s
s 32.2lbm ft
in
Fx unknown 879lb f (arah kiri)
Fx unknown gaya tarikan bolt=Fbolt
Soal 7--13
Flanges
Fbolt=?
SYSTEM
nozzle
Aout=3 in2
Pin=40 lbf/in2
lbm
ft 3
Q=1200in3/s
Pout=0psig=Patmosfir
Ain=12 in2
0 Vx in m in Vx out m out Fx
water 62.3
m in m out Q
Fx unk Q 2 (
Fx unk
1
1
) ( Pin ) Ain
Ain Aout
Fx unk
Aout Ain
Q (
) ( Pin ) Ain
Ain Aout
2
in 2in 4 ft 4
lbm 9
lbf .s
lbf
1200
62.4
40
12in 2 33.6 480 446.4
2
4
4
3
2
2
s 12 in
ft 36in 32.2lbm. ft
in
2
Soal 7.12
P1=30psig
V=200ft/s
A2=A1
A1=1 in2
P2=0psig
F=?
0 m (Vx _ in Vx _ out F x )
0 m&(V V ) ( P1 0) A Fx unkown
Fx unknown P1 A
The height differences are negligible i.e. z1 = z2 = z3 and the pressures are all
atmospheric = 0. So
u1 = u2 = u3 = u
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
u1A1 = u2A2 + u3A3
so
A1 = A2 + A3
Q1 = A1u
Q2 = A2u
Q3 = (A1 - A2)u
sistim
1
Momentum
Masuk +, Keluar Kecepatan & Gaya
Kekanan, keatas +
Kekiri, kebawah -
V=100ft/s
P1=50psig
Patm=0psig
Arah X (horizontal)
0 m (Vxin Vxout ) Fx
Fy=??
2
P2=40psig
& P1 A)
Fx unk (mV
Fx
Arah Y (vertikal)
0 m (V yin V yout ) Fy
Fx=??
A=0.5 ft2
& P2 A)
Fy unk (mV
Fy
FR
Fx unk & Fy unk adalah gaya dorong
Fy
F Fx2 Fy2
F
V1
tan
Fx
Fy
Fx
U
Fy
Fx
Deflector plate
2
Fy
x
V
Fx = mV(cos2 1) = AV2(cos2 1)
Fy = mV(sin2) = AV2 (sin2)
Fx
1
Pers. Bernouli
P2 P1 V22 V12
F frik
Pers. MOMENTUM
F m (V
A
A
1 A
1
V12 1 (1 1 ) 1 V12 V12 F frik
A2
A2
2 A2
2
2
P2 A2 P1 A2 m (V1 V2 ) m (V1
A A
1 A
1
V ( 1 1 ) V12 ( 1 ) F frik
A2 A2
2 A2
2
2
1
V12
2
V2 )
P2 A2 P1 A2 m V1 (1
A
A
( 1 2 1 1) F frik
A2
A2
F frik
V12
A
1 1
2
A2
A1
)
A2
P2 P1
A
A
V12 1 (1 1 )
A2
A2
2
A1
V1 )
A2