Blok 16 Research 2

FKU 218,Semter 6

Penulisan Proposal Penelitian

Dr. dr. Syahrul, SpS(K)
Departemen Neurologi
FK UNSYIAH
2 Maret 2015

Blok Riset 1,2 dan Skripsi

Blok Riset 1

Blok Riset 2

Semester 6, FKU 217

Semester 6, FKU 218
3 SKS
2 SKS
Metode Penelitian dan
Proposal Penelitian
Biostatistik
Filosofi Ilmu, Dasar2
Penyusunan Proposal,
Penelitian, Metodologi,
Bimbingan Proposal,
Analisis Data
Ujian Blok Riset 2
Penelitian,
(Ujian Proposal )
Ujian Blok Riset 1
Skripsi, Semester 7, FKY 225 4 SKS
Proposal Penelitian Blok Riset 2
2
Penelitian untuk Skripsi pada Semester
7

Targe
t
Blok

Semester 6
Riset 1
TUTORIAL

Riset 2

Semester
7
Skripsi

Tutorial
Konsultasi
Konsultasi
Proses
Pembimbing Bimbingan
Kuliah Pakar
Kuliah Pakar
Konsultasi
Konsultasi
Praktikum
Praktikum
Outpu Draft Proposal
Proposal
Pelaksanaa
t
Penelitian
n Penelitian
Ujian
Nilai Ujian Blok Riset
Ujian
Blok Riset 2
1
Skripsi
3
(Ujian Proposal
(Sidang)

Research Cluster

1.Tropical Medicine
2.Family Medicine
3.Disaster Management
4.Millenium Development Goals
(MDGs)
5.Vascular, Metabolic and
Degenerative Disorders
4

Proposal Penelitian
N
o

BAB

Judul

BAB I
Latar Belakang

Isi

Pedoman

Singkat, tajam,
informatif, up to
date

Sesuai Research Cluster,

Observasi, Baca Jurnal terbaru
bahasa Inggris. Fisibel waktutempat-biaya

Filosofi,
Magnitude,
kenapa harus
diteliti?
Tujuan?
Pertanyaan
Penelitian<

Baca Jurnal terbaru dalam

bahasa Inggris, teks book, data2
primer, sekunder. Jumlah
halaman :2-3 halaman.
Kepustakaan 5-10 buah

BAB II
Tinjauan
Pustaka

Teori2 terbaru,
pendukung,
fakta. Kerangka
Teori. Kerangka
Konsep

Baca Jurnal terbaru dalam

bahasa Inggris, teks book.
Sistematika. Jumlah halaman
10-20 halaman.
Kepustakaan 10-15 buah

BAB III
Metodologi

Metodologi
penelitian harus

Alur Penelitian, Definisi

Operasional harus jelas. Jumlah

Kepustakaan
BAB

Buku Teks
Inggris
(Standar Int)

(Up to date)
Jurnal

Indonesi
a
(ISBN)

Judul

2 buah

Inggris
(Standar Int)

Indonesia
(Terakreditasi
A/B)

Baca : Judul
Riset 5-10
buah

Baca : Judul
Riset 5-10 buah

BAB I
Latar
Belakan
g

2-5 buah

5-10 buah

2 buah

BAB II
Tinjauan
Pustaka

5 buah

2 buah 10-15 buah

5 buah

BAB III
MetPen

2 buah

2 buah

2 buah

5 buah
6

Jadwal Blok Riset 2

2 Maret sd 31 Juli 2015
2 Maret

7 Maret

9 Maret
14
Maret

Tutorial
Bimbingan oleh
Tutor dan
Pembimbing
Untuk
Penyempurnaan
Proposal
Penelitian

16 Maret
20 Maret
Bimbinga
n oleh
Pembimbi
ng
Untuk
Penyempu
rnaan
Proposal
Penelitian

23
Maret
31
Maret

1 April $ Mei
30 April 30 Mei

1 Juni
31 Juli
2015

Ujian
Blok Riset 2
(Ujian Proposal)

Jadwal Skripsi

(Semester 7)

(Penelitian untuk Skripsi)

1 Agustus 2015 sd 31 Januari 2016
1 Agustus
30 September
Menyiapkan
alat/formulir
Penelitian.
Aktifitas
Penelitian.
Komunikasi
dengan
Pembimbing

1 Oktober

31 Oktober
Penulisan
Laporanan
Penelitian, analisa
statistik,
pembahasan
Skripsi.

1 November
31 Januari 2016

Ujian/
Sidang

Skripsi

Komunikasi dengan
Pembimbing
8

Genetics and ischaemic

stroke

Ischaemic stroke can be caused by a number of monogenic disorders, and in such

cases stroke is frequently part of a multisystem disorder. Cerebral autosomal
dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy
(CADASIL), due to mutations in the Notch 3 gene, is increasingly appreciated as a
cause of familial subcortical stroke. The genetics and phenotypes of monogenic
stroke are covered in this review. However, the majority of cases of ischaemic
stroke are multifactorial in aetiology. Strong evidence from epidemiological and
animal studies has implicated genetic influences in the pathogenesis of
multifactorial ischaemic stroke, but the identification of individual causative
mutations remains problematic; this is in part limited by the number of
approaches currently available. In addition, genetic influences are likely to be
polygenic, and ischaemic stroke itself consists of a number of different
phenotypes which may each have different genetic profiles. Almost all human
studies to date have employed a candidate gene approach. Associations with
polymorphisms in a variety of candidate genes have been investigated, including
haemostatic genes, genes controlling homocysteine metabolism, the angiotensinconverting enzyme gene, and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. The
results of these studies, and the advantages and limitations of the candidate
gene approach, are presented. The recent biological revolution, spurred by the
human genome project, promises the advent of novel technologies supported by
bioinformatics resources that will transform the study of polygenic disorders such
as stroke. Their potential application to polygenic ischaemic stroke
is discussed.
9

Genetics of hypertension

Genetics of hypertension is complex with no known single gene playing a major role, but
rather many genes each with mild effects reacting to different environmental stimuli
contribute to blood pressure. The heritable component of blood pressure has been
documented in familial and twin studies suggesting that 30%-50% of the variance of
blood pressure readings are attributable to genetic heritability and about 50% to
environmental factors. Early studies in hypertension identified specific enzymes,
channels and receptors implicating sodium handling in the regulation of blood pressure
including genes involved with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controlling blood
pressure and salt-water homeostasis, proteins in hormonal regulation of blood pressure
(enzymes and receptors of the mineralo- and glucocorticoid pathways) and proteins
coded by genes involved in the structure and/or regulation of vascular tone (endothelins
and their receptors). The field of molecular genetics has revolutionized the study of
hypertension by identifying single gene syndromes or Mendelian forms and several
candidate genes for blood pressure variance. Genes have been localized to at least 20
chromosome regions. For example, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of
common genetic variants found 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or variants in
systolic and 20 for diastolic blood pressure readings representing different genes and
genetic heterogeneity. Further understanding of the genetics of hypertension will require
the use of advances in bioinformatics tools and genetic technology [e.g., SNP, exon and
noncoding (micro) RNA arrays]. New approaches will allow for identification of not only
single genes, but other interacting genes contributing to hypertension by merging
multiple genetic data sets (structural and functional) from individuals with hypertension
and development of new molecular targets for study and treatment.
10

Genetic Screening for the

Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Worthless or valuable?

The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes,

representing >90% of all cases of diabetes, are
increasing rapidly throughout the world. The
International Diabetes Federation has estimated
that the number of people with diabetes is
expected to rise from 366 million in 2011 to 552
million by 2030 if no urgent action is taken.
Furthermore, as many as 183 million people are
unaware that they have diabetes. Therefore, the
identification of individuals at high risk of
developing diabetes is of great importance
and
11
interest for investigators and health care providers.

The Links Between Tuberculosis

and Diabetes

People with a weak immune system, as a result of

chronic diseases such as diabetes, are at a higher
risk of
progressing from latent to active TB. People with
diabetes have a 2-3 times higher risk of TB
compared to people without diabetes. About 10%
of TB cases globally are linked to diabetes. A large
proportion of people with diabetes as well as TB is
not diagnosed, or is diagnosed too late. Early
detection can help improve care and control of
both
12

Wireless Communications for

Emergency Response

13

The Family Physicians Perceived Role in

Preventing and Guiding Hospital
Admissions at the End of Life: A Focus Group
Study

Family physicians play a pivotal role in providing end-of-life care and in enabling
terminally ill patients to die in familiar surroundings. The purpose of this study
was to explore the family physicians perceptions of their role and the difficulties
they have in preventing and guiding hospital admissions at the end of life.
Five focus groups were held with family physicians (N= 39) in Belgium.
Discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a constant
comparative approach.
Five key roles in preventing and guiding hospital admissions at the end of life
were identified: as a care planner, anticipating future scenarios; as an initiator of
decisions in acute situations, mostly in an advisory manner; as a provider of endof-life care, in which competency and attitude is considered important; as a
provider of support, particularly by being available during acute situations; and as
a decision maker, taking overall responsibility.
Family physicians face many different and complex roles and difficulties in
preventing and guiding hospital admissions at the end of life. Enhancing the
family physicians role as a gatekeeper to hospital services, offering the
physicians more end-of-life care training, and developing or expanding initiatives
to support them could contribute to a lower proportion of hospital admissions at
the end of life.
14
2014 Annals of Family Medicine.

Frequency and Prioritization of Patient

Health Risks from a Structured Health
Risk Assessment

PURPOSE To describe the frequency and patient-reported readiness to change,

desire to discuss, and perceived importance of 13 health risk factors in a diverse
range of primary care practices.
METHODS Patients (n = 1,707) in 9 primary care practices in the My Own Health
Report (MOHR) trial reported general, behavioral, and psychosocial risk factors
(body mass index [BMI], health status, diet, physical activity, sleep, drug use,
stress, anxiety or worry, and depression). We classified responses as at risk or
healthy for each factor, and patients indicated their readiness to change and/or
desire to discuss identified risk factors with providers. Patients also selected 1 of the
factors they were ready to change as most important. We then calculated
frequencies within and across these factors and examined variation by patient
characteristics and across practices.
RESULTS On average, patients had 5.8 (SD = 2.12; range, 013) unhealthy
behaviors and mental health risk factors. About 55% of patients had more than 6
risk factors. On average, patients wanted to change 1.2 and discuss 0.7 risks. The
most common risks were inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption (84.5%) and
overweight/obesity (79.6%). Patients were most ready to change BMI (33.3%) and
depression (30.7%), and most wanted to discuss depression (41.9%) and anxiety or
worry (35.2%). Overall, patients rated health status as most important.
15
CONCLUSIONS Implementing routine comprehensive health risk assessments in

16

Terimong geunaseh

17